BUG: Index with duplicate labels raises ValueError in Dataframe.query

pandas/core/frame.py

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 labeling information
 """
 from __future__ import annotations
+from pandas.core.indexes.range import RangeIndex
 
 import collections
 from collections import abc
@@ -4331,11 +4332,14 @@ def query(self, expr: str, *, inplace: Literal[False] = ..., **kwargs) -> DataFr
     def query(self, expr: str, *, inplace: Literal[True], **kwargs) -> None:
         ...
 
+
+
+
     @overload
     def query(self, expr: str, *, inplace: bool = ..., **kwargs) -> DataFrame | None:
         ...
 
-    def query(self, expr: str, *, inplace: bool = False, **kwargs) -> DataFrame | None:
+    def query(self,expr: str, engine='numexpr', *, inplace: bool = False, **kwargs) -> DataFrame | None:
         """
         Query the columns of a DataFrame with a boolean expression.
 
@@ -4478,8 +4482,26 @@ def query(self, expr: str, *, inplace: bool = False, **kwargs) -> DataFrame | No
             raise ValueError(msg)
         kwargs["level"] = kwargs.pop("level", 0) + 1
         kwargs["target"] = None
-        res = self.eval(expr, **kwargs)
+
+
+        try:
+            res = self.eval(expr, **kwargs)
+        except ValueError:
+
+            # Create a copy of the dataframe with a unique index to avoid reindexing errors
+            unique_index = RangeIndex(len(self.index))
+            df_copy = self.copy()
+            df_copy.index = unique_index
+
+            # Filter the copied dataframe
+            filtered_df = df_copy.query(expr, engine=engine)
+
+            # Map the filtered index back to the original index labels
+            index_mapping = dict(zip(unique_index, self.index))
+            filtered_df.index = filtered_df.index.map(index_mapping)
 
+            return filtered_df
+
         try:
             result = self.loc[res]
         except ValueError: