minor #11161 Added a guide for Symfony Docs maintainers (javiereguiluz)

This PR was squashed before being merged into the 3.4 branch (closes #11161).

Discussion
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Added a guide for Symfony Docs maintainers

This is for maintainers of this repo, so it doesn't have interest for normal Symfony users.

@OskarStark as the newest doc maintainer, this guide is mainly for you. When you have some time, please read it and report any problem or confusing explanation.

@xabbuh @wouterj @HeahDude as expert maintainers, please check if I missed something important about merging PRs. Two comments:

* I want to add more things in the future different from merging PRs.
* I prefer to show comprehensive and basic Git commands for all tasks. If the maintainer is a git expert, they can improve the commands to fit their expertise :)

Commits
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5e7acf2 Added a guide for Symfony Docs maintainers

Author: javiereguiluz

_build/maintainer_guide.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,341 @@
+Symfony Docs Maintainer Guide
+=============================
+
+The `symfony/symfony-docs`_ repository stores the Symfony project documentation
+and is managed by the `Symfony Docs team`_. This article explains in detail some
+of those management tasks, so it's only useful for maintainers and not regular
+readers or Symfony developers.
+
+Reviewing Pull Requests
+-----------------------
+
+All the recommendations of the `Symfony's respectful review comments`_ apply,
+but there are extra things to keep in mind for maintainers:
+
+* Always be nice in all interactions with all contributors.
+* Be extra-patient with new contributors (GitHub shows a special badge for them).
+* Don't assume that contributors know what you think is obvious (e.g. lots of
+  them don't know what to "squash commits" means).
+* Don't use acronyms like IMO, IIRC, etc. or complex English words (most
+  contributors are not native in English and it's intimidating for them).
+* Never engage in a heated discussion. Lock it right away using GitHub.
+* Never discuss non-tech issues. Some PRs are related to our Diversity initiative
+  and some people always try to drag you into politics. Never engage in that and
+  lock the issue/PR as off-topic on GitHub.
+
+Fixing Minor Issues Yourself
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+It's common for new contributors to make lots of minor mistakes in the syntax
+of the RST format used in the docs. It's also common for non English speakers to
+make minor typos.
+
+Even if your intention is good, if you add lots of comments when reviewing a
+first contribution, that person will probably not contribute again. It's better
+to fix the minor errors and typos yourself while merging. If that person
+contributes again, it's OK to mention some of the minor issues to educate them.
+
+.. code-block:: terminal
+
+    $ gh merge 11059
+
+      Working on symfony/symfony-docs (branch master)
+      Merging Pull Request 11059: dmaicher/patch-3
+
+      ...
+
+      # This is important!! Say NO to push the changes now
+      Push the changes now? (Y/n) n
+      Now, push with: git push gh "master" refs/notes/github-comments
+
+      # Now, open your editor and make the needed changes ...
+
+      $ git commit -a
+      # Use "Minor reword", "Minor tweak", etc. as the commit message
+
+      # now run the 'push' command shown above by 'gh' (it's different each time)
+      $ git push gh "master" refs/notes/github-comments
+
+Merging Pull Requests
+---------------------
+
+Technical Requirements
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+* `Git`_ installed and properly configured.
+* ``gh`` tool fully installed according to its installation instructions
+  (GitHub token configured, Git remote configured, etc.)
+  This is a proprietary CLI tool which only Symfony team members have access to.
+* Some previous Git experience, specially merging pull requests.
+
+First Setup
+~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+First, fork the <https://github.com/symfony/symfony-docs> using the GitHub web
+interface. Then:
+
+.. code-block:: terminal
+
+    # Clone your fork
+    $ git clone https://github.com/<YOUR-NAME>/symfony-docs.git
+
+    $ cd symfony-docs/
+
+    # Add the original repo as 'upstream' remote
+    $ git remote add upstream https://github.com/symfony/symfony-docs
+
+    # Add the original repo as 'gh' remote (needed for the 'gh' tool)
+    $ git remote add gh https://github.com/symfony/symfony-docs
+
+    # Configure 'gh' in Git as the remote used by the 'gh' tool
+    $ git config gh.remote gh
+
+Merging Process
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+At first it's common to make mistakes and merge things badly. Don't worry. This
+has happened to all of us and we've always been able to recover from any mistake.
+
+Step 1: Select the right branch to merge
+........................................
+
+PRs must be merged in the oldest maintained branch where they are applicable:
+
+* Here you can find the currently maintained branches: https://symfony.com/roadmap.
+* Typos and old undocumented features are merged into the oldest maintained branch.
+* New features are merged into the branch where they were introduced. This
+  usually means ``master``. And don't forget to check that new feature includes
+  the ``versionadded`` directive.
+
+It's very common for contributors (specially newcomers) to select the wrong
+branch for their PRs, so we must always check if the change should go to the
+proposed branch or not.
+
+If the branch is wrong, there's no need to ask the contributor to rebase. The
+``gh`` tool can do that for us.
+
+Step 2: Merge the pull request
+..............................
+
+Never use GitHub's web interface (or desktop clients) to merge PRs or to solve
+merge conflicts. Always use the ``gh`` tool for anything related to merges.
+
+We require 2 approval votes from team members before merging a PR, except if
+it's a typo, a small change or an obvious error.
+
+If a PR contains lots of commits, there's no need to ask the contributor to
+squash them. The ``gh`` tool does that automatically. The only exceptions are
+when commits are made by more than one person and when there's a merge commit.
+``gh`` can't squash commits in those cases, so it's better to ask to the
+original contributor.
+
+.. code-block:: terminal
+
+    $ cd symfony-docs/
+
+    # make sure that your local branch is updated
+    $ git checkout 3.4
+    $ git fetch upstream
+    $ git merge upstream/3.4
+
+    # merge any PR passing its GitHub number as argument
+    $ gh merge 11159
+
+    # the gh tool will ask you some questions...
+
+    # push your changes (you can merge several PRs and push once at the end)
+    $ git push origin
+    $ git push upstream
+
+It's common to have to change the branch where a PR is merged. Instead of asking
+the contributors to rebase their PRs, the "gh" tool can change the branch with
+the ``-s`` option:
+
+.. code-block:: terminal
+
+    # e.g. this PR was sent against 'master', but it's merged in '3.4'
+    $ gh merge 11160 -s 3.4
+
+Sometimes, when changing the branch, you may face rebase issues, but they are
+usually simple to fix:
+
+.. code-block:: terminal
+
+    $ gh merge 11160 -s 3.4
+
+      ...
+
+      Unable to rebase the patch for <comment>pull/11183</comment>
+      The command "'git' 'rebase' '--onto' '3.4' '4.2' 'pull/11160'" failed.
+      Exit Code: 128(Invalid exit argument)
+
+      [...]
+      Auto-merging reference/forms/types/entity.rst
+      CONFLICT (content): Merge conflict in reference/forms/types/entity.rst
+      Patch failed at 0001 Update entity.rst
+      The copy of the patch that failed is found in: .git/rebase-apply/patch
+
+    # Now, fix all the conflicts using your editor
+
+    # Add the modified files and continue the rebase
+    $ git add reference/forms/types/entity.rst ...
+    $ git rebase --continue
+
+    # Lastly, re-run the exact same original command that resulted in a conflict
+    # There's no need to change the branch or do anything else.
+    $ gh merge 11160 -s 3.4
+
+      The previous run had some conflicts. Do you want to resume the merge? (Y/n)
+
+Later in this article you can find a troubleshooting section for the errors that
+you will usually face while merging.
+
+Step 3: Merge it into the other branches
+........................................
+
+If a PR has not been merged in ``master``, you must merge it up into all the
+maintained branches until ``master``. Imagine that you are merging a PR against
+``3.4`` and the maintained branches are ``3.4``, ``4.2`` and ``master``:
+
+.. code-block:: terminal
+
+    $ git fetch upstream
+
+    $ git checkout 3.4
+    $ git merge upstream/3.4
+
+    $ gh merge 11159
+    $ git push origin
+    $ git push upstream
+
+    $ git checkout 4.2
+    $ git merge upstream/4.2
+    $ git merge --log 3.4
+    # here you can face several errors explained later
+    $ git push origin
+    $ git push upstream
+
+    $ git checkout master
+    $ git merge upstream/master
+    $ git merge --log 4.2
+    $ git push origin
+    $ git push upstream
+
+.. tip::
+
+    If you followed the full ``gh`` installation instructions you can remove the
+    ``--log`` option in the above commands.
+
+.. tip::
+
+    When the support of a Symfony branch ends, it's recommended to delete your
+    local branch to avoid merging in it unawarely:
+
+    .. code-block:: terminal
+
+        # if Symfony 3.3 goes out of maintenance today, delete your local branch
+        $ git branch -D 3.3
+
+Troubleshooting
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Wrong merge of your local branch
+................................
+
+When updating your local branches before merging:
+
+.. code-block:: terminal
+
+    $ git fetch upstream
+    $ git checkout 3.4
+    $ git merge upstream/3.4
+
+It's possible that you merge a wrong upstream branch unawarely. It's usually
+easy to spot because you'll see lots of conflicts:
+
+.. code-block:: terminal
+
+    # DON'T DO THIS! It's a wrong branch merge
+    $ git checkout 3.4
+    $ git merge upstream/4.2
+
+As long as you don't push this wrong merge, there's no problem. Delete your
+local branch and check it out again:
+
+.. code-block:: terminal
+
+    $ git checkout master
+    $ git branch -D 3.4
+    $ git checkout 3.4 upstream/3.4
+
+If you did push the wrong branch merge, ask for help in the documentation
+mergers chat and we'll help solve the problem.
+
+Solving merge conflicts
+.......................
+
+When merging things to upper branches, most of the times you'll see conflicts:
+
+.. code-block:: terminal
+
+    $ git checkout 4.2
+    $ git merge upstream/4.2
+    $ git merge --log 3.4
+
+      Auto-merging security/entity_provider.rst
+      Auto-merging logging/monolog_console.rst
+      Auto-merging form/dynamic_form_modification.rst
+      Auto-merging components/phpunit_bridge.rst
+      CONFLICT (content): Merge conflict in components/phpunit_bridge.rst
+      Automatic merge failed; fix conflicts and then commit the result.
+
+Solve the conflicts with your editor (look for occurrences of ``<<<<``, which is
+the marker used by Git for conflicts) and then do this:
+
+.. code-block:: terminal
+
+    # add all the conflicting files that you fixed
+    $ git add components/phpunit_bridge.rst
+    $ git commit -a
+    $ git push origin
+    $ git push upstream
+
+.. tip::
+
+    When there are lots of conflicts, look for ``<<<<<`` with your editor in all
+    docs before committing the changes. It's common to forget about some of them.
+    If you prefer, you can run this too: ``git grep --cached "<<<<<"``.
+
+Merging deleted files
+.....................
+
+A common cause of conflict when merging PRs into upper branches are files which
+were modified by the PR but no longer exist in newer branches:
+
+.. code-block:: terminal
+
+    $ git checkout 4.2
+    $ git merge upstream/4.2
+    $ git merge --log 3.4
+
+      Auto-merging translation/debug.rst
+      CONFLICT (modify/delete): service_container/scopes.rst deleted in HEAD and
+      modified in 3.4. Version 3.4 of service_container/scopes.rst left in tree.
+      Auto-merging service_container.rst
+
+If the contents of the deleted file were moved to a different file in newer
+branches, redo the changes in the new file. Then, delete the file that Git left
+in the tree as follows:
+
+.. code-block:: terminal
+
+    # delete all the conflicting files that no longer exist in this branch
+    $ git rm service_container/scopes.rst
+    $ git commit -a
+    $ git push origin
+    $ git push upstream
+
+.. _`symfony/symfony-docs`: https://github.com/symfony/symfony-docs
+.. _`Symfony Docs team`: https://github.com/orgs/symfony/teams/team-symfony-docs
+.. _`Symfony's respectful review comments`: https://symfony.com/doc/current/contributing/community/review-comments.html
+.. _`Git`: https://git-scm.com/