Improve browscap get_browser performance

[nielsdos]

This set of patches improves the browscap support performance. The changes are split in atomic commits to make review easier. Sometimes the commits also contain a description. The most important change here is moving away from regexes and using a specialised wildcard matching algorithm (best case O(n), worst case O(n²)). This gives the most speed-up especially as compilation and conversion to regexes is prevented. The algorithm has the same execution time complexity as the regex.

With the following 3 test scenarios:

(1) Unknown data lookup

for ($i = 0; $i < 10000; $i++) {
    get_browser("Unknown Browser 1.0");
}

(2) Test all known user agents we test for

$user_agents = file('ext/standard/tests/misc/user_agents.txt', FILE_IGNORE_NEW_LINES);
foreach ($user_agents as $ua) {
    get_browser($ua, true);
}

(3) Result construction

for ($i = 0; $i < 200000; $i++) {
    get_browser("Chromium 123.0");
}

Benchmark results

For (1):

Benchmark 1: ./sapi/cli/php bench.php
  Time (mean ± σ):     331.0 ms ±   3.9 ms    [User: 325.9 ms, System: 4.2 ms]
  Range (min … max):   325.7 ms … 339.3 ms    10 runs
 
Benchmark 2: ./sapi/cli/php_old bench.php
  Time (mean ± σ):     478.2 ms ±   4.3 ms    [User: 472.6 ms, System: 4.2 ms]
  Range (min … max):   472.9 ms … 486.1 ms    10 runs
 
Summary
  ./sapi/cli/php bench.php ran
    1.44 ± 0.02 times faster than ./sapi/cli/php_old bench.php

For (2):

Benchmark 1: ./sapi/cli/php bench.php
  Time (mean ± σ):     243.6 ms ±   3.9 ms    [User: 237.2 ms, System: 5.8 ms]
  Range (min … max):   239.5 ms … 252.2 ms    12 runs
 
Benchmark 2: ./sapi/cli/php_old bench.php
  Time (mean ± σ):     618.5 ms ±   4.1 ms    [User: 603.4 ms, System: 12.7 ms]
  Range (min … max):   614.2 ms … 626.4 ms    10 runs
 
Summary
  ./sapi/cli/php bench.php ran
    2.54 ± 0.04 times faster than ./sapi/cli/php_old bench.php

For (3):

Benchmark 1: ./sapi/cli/php bench.php
  Time (mean ± σ):      89.3 ms ±   4.6 ms    [User: 85.4 ms, System: 3.5 ms]
  Range (min … max):    85.5 ms … 101.5 ms    33 runs
 
Benchmark 2: ./sapi/cli/php_old bench.php
  Time (mean ± σ):     144.9 ms ±   4.7 ms    [User: 139.4 ms, System: 5.1 ms]
  Range (min … max):   140.8 ms … 162.2 ms    20 runs
 
Summary
  ./sapi/cli/php bench.php ran
    1.62 ± 0.10 times faster than ./sapi/cli/php_old bench.php

[Girgias]

LGTM other than the one comment about explaining why the checks are not in the compare function :)

[Girgias]

Add a comment explaning why this is not in the comparison function so people know why

[nielsdos]

Right, good point. Otherwise someone else in the future may move them again.

[kurirajesh]

isn't ZSTR_LEN will call on every iteration

[Girgias]

It is a macro that just points to the size field of the zend_string struct.