Narrowing occurred during type inference of ZEND_ADD_ARRAY_ELEMENT

[FWDekker]

Description

I receive the following warning when running a project of mine:

E_WARNING: Narrowing occurred during type inference of ZEND_ADD_ARRAY_ELEMENT. Please file a bug report on \
    https://github.com/php/php-src/issues {"code":2,"message":"Narrowing occurred during type inference of \
    ZEND_ADD_ARRAY_ELEMENT. Please file a bug report on https://github.com/php/php-src/issues", \
    "file":"<redacted>/dist/com/fwdekker/deathnotifier/Mediawiki.php","line":95} []

How to reproduce

The bug occurs in my open-source project Death Notifier. I tried to create a minimal working example by removing parts which I thought were not relevant for the bug, but each time that resulted in the bug not occurring. So instead, I think it's better to share the whole project.

The warning can be reproduced as follows:

1. Download the version of my project in which the warning is triggered:

   $> git clone https://git.fwdekker.com/tools/death-notifier.git
   $> cd death-notifier
   $> git checkout 6fb88c5454

2. Check whether all requirements from the README.md are met on your system. (composer.phar and npm on your path, and some PHP extensions.)
3. Run npm ci and composer.phar install to install dependencies.
4. Run npm run dev to build the application into the dist/ directory.
5. Get a PHP server running so that you can serve PHP through your browser. (I'm using PhpStorm to tie it all together.)
6. Open dist/api.php in your browser. (You can also open dist/index.html, but note that this will make requests to my server.)
7. Check dist/.death-notifier.log, where you'll find the warning in the log file.

Code context

The warning mentions line 95 of Mediawiki.php. The full file is hosted in Gitea. Here is an excerpt with the function containing that line; I added a comment to indicate which one is line 95.

/**
 * Queries Wikipedia's API with continuation and returns its response as a JSON object.
 *
 * @param array<string, mixed> $params the query parameters to send to the API
 * @param string|null $continue_name the name of the continue parameter to follow, or `null` if no continuation
 * should be done
 * @return mixed[] the query's value of the `query` key as a JSON object
 * @throws Exception if the query fails
 */
private function api_query_continued(array $params, ?string $continue_name = null): array
{
    $query_params = array_merge(["action" => "query", "format" => "json"], $params);

    $response = [];
    $continue = null;
    $continue_value = null;
    do {
        $continue_params = $continue === null
            ? $query_params
            // >> The following line is line 95 <<
            : array_merge($query_params, ["continue" => $continue, $continue_name => $continue_value]);

        $new_response = $this->api_fetch($continue_params);
        $response = array_merge_recursive_distinct($response, $new_response);

        if (isset($response["batchcomplete"])) {
            $continue = null;
            $continue_value = null;
        } else if ($continue_name !== null) {
            $continue = $response["continue"]["continue"];
            $continue_value = $response["continue"][$continue_name];
        }
    } while ($continue !== null);

    return $response;
}

PHP Version

PHP 8.1.12

Operating System

Debian testing

[nielsdos]

I can reproduce this on PHP-8.1 and higher.
The original code can be reproduced in context with all optimisations enabled.
I made a simplified, stand-alone reproducer that lets us reproduce the issue reliably on opcache.optimization_level=0x20:

<?php
function test()
{
    $bool_or_int = true;
    while (a()) {
        if ($bool_or_int !== true) {
            // The following line triggers narrowing during type inference of ZEND_ADD_ARRAY_ELEMENT.
            $string_key = "a";
            $array = ["bool_or_int" => $bool_or_int, $string_key => 123];
        }

        $bool_or_int = 0;
    }
}

This triggers narrowing for two ops: first ZEND_ADD_ARRAY_ELEMENT, and then ZEND_ASSIGN.

The type inference happens in the following order:

• The ZEND_ADD_ARRAY_ELEMENT infers type 0x40e04080 (packed flag is set), arr_type=0 at this point because it hasn't been set by ZEND_INIT_ARRAY yet
• The ZEND_INIT_ARRAY infers type 0x40804080
• The ZEND_ADD_ARRAY_ELEMENT infers type 0x40e04080, arr_type=0x40804080, which does not have the packed flag set while the existing result of ZEND_ADD_ARRAY_ELEMENT has the packed flag set

This seems to occur because of the phi node introduced by the while loop. If I remove the loop the problem goes away.
This is a guess, but it seems like we should take into account already inferred information about ZEND_ADD_ARRAY_ELEMENT.