dataframe.astype() exception message to include column name

pandas/core/generic.py

@@ -6224,12 +6224,18 @@ def astype(
 
             results = []
             for i, (col_name, col) in enumerate(self.items()):
-                cdt = dtype_ser.iat[i]
-                if isna(cdt):
-                    res_col = col.copy() if copy else col
-                else:
-                    res_col = col.astype(dtype=cdt, copy=copy, errors=errors)
-                results.append(res_col)
+                try:
+                    cdt = dtype_ser.iat[i]
+                    if isna(cdt):
+                        res_col = col.copy() if copy else col
+                    else:
+                        res_col = col.astype(dtype=cdt, copy=copy, errors=errors)
+                    results.append(res_col)
+                except Exception as ex:
+                    ex.args = (
+                        f"Error during type conversion for column {col_name}: {ex} ",
+                    )
+                    raise
 
         elif is_extension_array_dtype(dtype) and self.ndim > 1:
             # GH 18099/22869: columnwise conversion to extension dtype

pandas/tests/frame/methods/test_astype.py

@@ -490,6 +490,18 @@ def test_astype_arg_for_errors(self):
 
         df.astype(np.int8, errors="ignore")
 
+    def test_astype_invalid_conversion(self):
+        # GH#47571
+        df = DataFrame({"a": [1, 2, "text"], "b": [1, 2, 3]})
+
+        msg = (
+            "Error during type conversion for column a: "
+            "invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'text' "
+        )
+
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=re.escape(msg)):
+            df.astype({"a": int})
+
     def test_astype_arg_for_errors_dictlist(self):
         # GH#25905
         df = DataFrame(