BUG: DataFrame.stack not handling NaN in MultiIndex columns correct

doc/source/whatsnew/v1.3.0.rst

@@ -413,6 +413,7 @@ Reshaping
 - :meth:`merge_asof` raises ``ValueError`` instead of cryptic ``TypeError`` in case of non-numerical merge columns (:issue:`29130`)
 - Bug in :meth:`DataFrame.join` not assigning values correctly when having :class:`MultiIndex` where at least one dimension is from dtype ``Categorical`` with non-alphabetically sorted categories (:issue:`38502`)
 - :meth:`Series.value_counts` and :meth:`Series.mode` return consistent keys in original order (:issue:`12679`, :issue:`11227` and :issue:`39007`)
+- Bug in :meth:`DataFrame.stack` not handling ``NaN`` in :class:`MultiIndex` columns correct (:issue:`39481`)
 - Bug in :meth:`DataFrame.apply` would give incorrect results when used with a string argument and ``axis=1`` when the axis argument was not supported and now raises a ``ValueError`` instead (:issue:`39211`)
 - Bug in :meth:`DataFrame.append` returning incorrect dtypes with combinations of ``ExtensionDtype`` dtypes (:issue:`39454`)
 

pandas/core/reshape/reshape.py

@@ -629,16 +629,12 @@ def _convert_level_number(level_num, columns):
 
     # tuple list excluding level for grouping columns
     if len(frame.columns.levels) > 2:
-        tuples = list(
-            zip(
-                *[
-                    lev.take(level_codes)
-                    for lev, level_codes in zip(
-                        this.columns.levels[:-1], this.columns.codes[:-1]
-                    )
-                ]
-            )
-        )
+        levs = []
+        for lev, level_codes in zip(this.columns.levels[:-1], this.columns.codes[:-1]):
+            if -1 in level_codes:
+                lev = np.append(lev, None)
+            levs.append(np.take(lev, level_codes))
+        tuples = list(zip(*levs))
         unique_groups = [key for key, _ in itertools.groupby(tuples)]
         new_names = this.columns.names[:-1]
         new_columns = MultiIndex.from_tuples(unique_groups, names=new_names)
@@ -650,7 +646,9 @@ def _convert_level_number(level_num, columns):
     new_data = {}
     level_vals = this.columns.levels[-1]
     level_codes = sorted(set(this.columns.codes[-1]))
-    level_vals_used = level_vals[level_codes]
+    level_vals_nan = level_vals.insert(len(level_vals), None)
+
+    level_vals_used = np.take(level_vals_nan, level_codes)
     levsize = len(level_codes)
     drop_cols = []
     for key in unique_groups:
@@ -671,7 +669,7 @@ def _convert_level_number(level_num, columns):
 
         if slice_len != levsize:
             chunk = this.loc[:, this.columns[loc]]
-            chunk.columns = level_vals.take(chunk.columns.codes[-1])
+            chunk.columns = level_vals_nan.take(chunk.columns.codes[-1])
             value_slice = chunk.reindex(columns=level_vals_used).values
         else:
             if frame._is_homogeneous_type and is_extension_array_dtype(

pandas/tests/frame/test_stack_unstack.py

@@ -1931,3 +1931,25 @@ def test_unstack_with_level_has_nan(self):
         )
 
         tm.assert_index_equal(result, expected)
+
+    def test_stack_nan_in_multiindex_columns(self):
+        # GH#39481
+        df = DataFrame(
+            np.zeros([1, 5]),
+            columns=MultiIndex.from_tuples(
+                [
+                    (0, None, None),
+                    (0, 2, 0),
+                    (0, 2, 1),
+                    (0, 3, 0),
+                    (0, 3, 1),
+                ],
+            ),
+        )
+        result = df.stack(2)
+        expected = DataFrame(
+            [[0.0, np.nan, np.nan], [np.nan, 0.0, 0.0], [np.nan, 0.0, 0.0]],
+            index=Index([(0, None), (0, 0), (0, 1)]),
+            columns=Index([(0, None), (0, 2), (0, 3)]),
+        )
+        tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)