BUG: `str.extract` Method Not Implemented for `pd.ArrowDtype(pa.string())`

[mattharrison]

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Reproducible Example

import pandas as pd
import io

data ='''make,city08
Alfa Romeo,19
Ferrari,9
Dodge,23
Dodge,10
Subaru,17'''

df = pd.read_csv(io.StringIO(data), dtype_backend='pyarrow')
df.make.str.extract(r'([^a-z A-Z])')

Issue Description

The str.extract method raises a NotImplementedError when used on a series with the pd.ArrowDtype(pa.string()) data type.

Expected Behavior

Execute like it does with Pandas 1 strings.

Installed Versions

the str.extract method raises a NotImplementedError when used on a series with the pd.ArrowDtype(pa.string()) data type.

[phofl]

cc @mroeschke what's the status quo here?

[mroeschke]

Yeah at the time never got around to implementing this one (this one was tricky since it can return a Series or DataFrame), but should be available from the pyarrow side with extract_regex https://arrow.apache.org/docs/python/generated/pyarrow.compute.extract_regex.html#pyarrow.compute.extract_regex

[mattharrison]

In 2.2rc0 I get this error:

>>> print(make.str.extract(r'([^a-z A-Z])'))
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
ValueError                                Traceback (most recent call last)
Cell In[114], line 1
----> 1 print(make.str.extract(r'([^a-z A-Z])'))

File ~/.envs/pd22rc/lib/python3.11/site-packages/pandas/core/strings/accessor.py:137, in forbid_nonstring_types.<locals>._forbid_nonstring_types.<locals>.wrapper(self, *args, **kwargs)
    132     msg = (
    133         f"Cannot use .str.{func_name} with values of "
    134         f"inferred dtype '{self._inferred_dtype}'."
    135     )
    136     raise TypeError(msg)
--> 137 return func(self, *args, **kwargs)

File ~/.envs/pd22rc/lib/python3.11/site-packages/pandas/core/strings/accessor.py:2758, in StringMethods.extract(self, pat, flags, expand)
   2755     result = DataFrame(columns=columns, dtype=result_dtype)
   2757 else:
-> 2758     result_list = self._data.array._str_extract(
   2759         pat, flags=flags, expand=returns_df
   2760     )
   2762     result_index: Index | None
   2763     if isinstance(obj, ABCSeries):

File ~/.envs/pd22rc/lib/python3.11/site-packages/pandas/core/arrays/arrow/array.py:2399, in ArrowExtensionArray._str_extract(self, pat, flags, expand)
   2397 groups = re.compile(pat).groupindex.keys()
   2398 if len(groups) == 0:
-> 2399     raise ValueError(f"{pat=} must contain a symbolic group name.")
   2400 result = pc.extract_regex(self._pa_array, pat)
   2401 if expand:

ValueError: pat='([^a-z A-Z])' must contain a symbolic group name.

I got around it with this:

>>> print(make.str.extract(r'(?P<non_alpha>[^a-z A-Z])'))

I think this is a regression, as I now have to include a regex group name (which is one of those things I have to look up everytime I need to do it.)

[phofl]

Not necessarily a regression since it didn't work before at all? Am I missing something?

cc @mroeschke is this expected with your implementation?

[mattharrison]

@phofl I mean it worked in Pandas 1. You are correct, it didn't work in 2.

[mroeschke]

Yeah unfortunately this is a limitation with pyarrow's extract_regex compute method: https://arrow.apache.org/docs/python/generated/pyarrow.compute.extract_regex.html#pyarrow.compute.extract_regex

This probably worked in pandas 1 with the object-backed string type as that iterates through the values using re.compile directly.