BUG: Resample doesn't work for timestamp[ns][pyarrow]

[harrylojames]

Pandas version checks

• I have checked that this issue has not already been reported.

• I have confirmed this bug exists on the latest version of pandas.

• I have confirmed this bug exists on the main branch of pandas.

Reproducible Example

import pandas as pd
from pandas import Timestamp
df = pd.DataFrame.from_dict({Timestamp('2022-03-31 01:00:00'): 1}, orient="index")
df.index = df.index.astype("timestamp[ns][pyarrow]")
df.resample("1min").mean()

Issue Description

Using resample with timestamp[ns][pyarrow] returns a TypeError

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TypeError                                 Traceback (most recent call last)
Cell In[3], line 5
      3 df = pd.DataFrame.from_dict({Timestamp('2022-03-31 01:00:00'): 1}, orient="index")
      4 df.index = df.index.astype("timestamp[ns][pyarrow]")
----> 5 df.resample("1min").mean()

File ~\AppData\Local\pypoetry\Cache\virtualenvs\\lib\site-packages\pandas\core\generic.py:9439, in NDFrame.resample(self, rule, axis, closed, label, convention, kind, on, level, origin, offset, group_keys)
   9436 else:
   9437     axis = 0
-> 9439 return get_resampler(
   9440     cast("Series | DataFrame", self),
   9441     freq=rule,
   9442     label=label,
   9443     closed=closed,
   9444     axis=axis,
   9445     kind=kind,
   9446     convention=convention,
   9447     key=on,
   9448     level=level,
   9449     origin=origin,
   9450     offset=offset,
   9451     group_keys=group_keys,
   9452 )

File ~\AppData\Local\pypoetry\Cache\virtualenvs\\lib\site-packages\pandas\core\resample.py:1970, in get_resampler(obj, kind, **kwds)
   1966 """
   1967 Create a TimeGrouper and return our resampler.
   1968 """
   1969 tg = TimeGrouper(**kwds)
-> 1970 return tg._get_resampler(obj, kind=kind)

File ~\AppData\Local\pypoetry\Cache\virtualenvs\\lib\site-packages\pandas\core\resample.py:2160, in TimeGrouper._get_resampler(self, obj, kind)
   2151 elif isinstance(ax, TimedeltaIndex):
   2152     return TimedeltaIndexResampler(
   2153         obj,
   2154         timegrouper=self,
   (...)
   2157         gpr_index=ax,
   2158     )
-> 2160 raise TypeError(
   2161     "Only valid with DatetimeIndex, "
   2162     "TimedeltaIndex or PeriodIndex, "
   2163     f"but got an instance of '{type(ax).__name__}'"
   2164 )

TypeError: Only valid with DatetimeIndex, TimedeltaIndex or PeriodIndex, but got an instance of 'Index'

Expected Behavior

Commenting out the conversion to timestamp[ns][pyarrow] produces the expected behaviour.

import pandas as pd
from pandas import Timestamp
df = pd.DataFrame.from_dict({Timestamp('2022-03-31 01:00:00'): 1}, orient="index")
#df.index = df.index.astype("timestamp[ns][pyarrow]")
df.resample("1min").mean()

Installed Versions

INSTALLED VERSIONS

commit : 2a953cf
python : 3.10.4.final.0
python-bits : 64
OS : Windows
OS-release : 10
Version : 10.0.22621
machine : AMD64
processor : Intel64 Family 6 Model 165 Stepping 2, GenuineIntel
byteorder : little
LC_ALL : None
LANG : None
LOCALE : English_United Kingdom.1252

pandas : 2.1.3
numpy : 1.24.2
pytz : 2023.3
dateutil : 2.8.2
setuptools : 67.6.1
pip : 23.2
Cython : 3.0.2
pytest : 7.3.0
hypothesis : None
sphinx : None
blosc : None
feather : None
xlsxwriter : None
lxml.etree : None
html5lib : None
pymysql : None
psycopg2 : None
jinja2 : 3.1.2
IPython : 8.12.0
pandas_datareader : None
bs4 : 4.12.2
bottleneck : None
dataframe-api-compat: None
fastparquet : None
fsspec : 2023.10.0
gcsfs : None
matplotlib : 3.7.3
numba : 0.57.1
numexpr : None
odfpy : None
openpyxl : None
pandas_gbq : None
pyarrow : 13.0.0
pyreadstat : None
pyxlsb : None
s3fs : None
scipy : 1.10.1
sqlalchemy : 2.0.23
tables : None
tabulate : 0.9.0
xarray : 2023.8.0
xlrd : None
zstandard : None
tzdata : 2023.3
qtpy : None
pyqt5 : None