stdlib version information function

Motivation

It would be good to have a function stdlib_version()

function stdlib_version() result(r)
    character(len=:), allocatable :: r
    r = "v0.1.0"
end function

This information is useful for external build tools, and for bug reporting.

Prior Art

No response

Additional Information

No response

[awvwgk]

Good idea, we should have this information available.

I added a patch to handle the version information automatically in CMake, make and fpm. As well as providing a preliminary getter function to retrieve the version data either as numeric values or as string in #579. Feedback is welcome.