Create Cocktail-sort.md as a part of sorting technique

dsa-solutions/Sorting-Algorithms/Cocktail-Sort.md

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+id: Cocktail-Sort
+title: Cocktail Sort (Geeks for Geeks)
+sidebar_label: Cocktail Sort
+tags:
+  - Intermediate
+  - Sorting Algorithms
+  - Geeks for Geeks
+  - CPP
+  - Python
+  - Java
+  - JavaScript
+  - DSA
+description: "This is a solution to the Cocktail Sort problem on Geeks for Geeks."
+---
+
+## 1. What is Cocktail Sort?
+
+Cocktail Sort is a variation of Bubble Sort. It traverses the list in both directions alternatively. This algorithm is also known as Bidirectional Bubble Sort or Shaker Sort.
+
+## 2. Algorithm for Cocktail Sort
+
+1. Start at the beginning of the list.
+2. Traverse the list from left to right, swapping adjacent items if they are in the wrong order.
+3. When the end of the list is reached, reverse the direction and traverse from right to left, again swapping adjacent items if they are in the wrong order.
+4. Repeat steps 2 and 3 until the list is sorted.
+
+## 3. How does Cocktail Sort work?
+
+- It sorts in both directions in each pass through the list, which can help elements move into place faster.
+- This bidirectional approach allows earlier elements to "bubble up" and later elements to "bubble down" in the same pass, potentially reducing the number of overall passes needed.
+
+## 4. Problem Description
+
+Given an array of integers, implement the Cocktail Sort algorithm to sort the array.
+
+## 5. Examples
+
+**Example 1:**
+
+```
+Input: [5, 1, 4, 2, 8, 0, 2]
+Output: [0, 1, 2, 2, 4, 5, 8]
+```
+**Example 2:**
+```
+Input: [5, 1, 4, 2, 9, 8]
+Output: [1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 9]
+```
+
+## 6. Constraints
+
+- The array should contain at least one element.
+
+## 7. Implementation
+
+**Python**
+```python
+def cocktail_sort(arr):
+    n = len(arr)
+    swapped = True
+    start = 0
+    end = n - 1
+    while swapped:
+        swapped = False
+        for i in range(start, end):
+            if arr[i] > arr[i + 1]:
+                arr[i], arr[i + 1] = arr[i + 1], arr[i]
+                swapped = True
+        if not swapped:
+            break
+        swapped = False
+        end -= 1
+        for i in range(end - 1, start - 1, -1):
+            if arr[i] > arr[i + 1]:
+                arr[i], arr[i + 1] = arr[i + 1], arr[i]
+                swapped = True
+        start += 1
+    return arr
+```
+```java
+import java.util.Arrays;
+
+public class CocktailSort {
+    public static void cocktailSort(int[] arr) {
+        boolean swapped = true;
+        int start = 0;
+        int end = arr.length - 1;
+
+        while (swapped) {
+            swapped = false;
+            for (int i = start; i < end; i++) {
+                if (arr[i] > arr[i + 1]) {
+                    int temp = arr[i];
+                    arr[i] = arr[i + 1];
+                    arr[i + 1] = temp;
+                    swapped = true;
+                }
+            }
+            if (!swapped) break;
+            swapped = false;
+            end--;
+            for (int i = end - 1; i >= start; i--) {
+                if (arr[i] > arr[i + 1]) {
+                    int temp = arr[i];
+                    arr[i] = arr[i + 1];
+                    arr[i + 1] = temp;
+                    swapped = true;
+                }
+            }
+            start++;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static void main(String[] args) {
+        int[] arr = {5, 1, 4, 2, 8, 0, 2};
+        cocktailSort(arr);
+        System.out.println(Arrays.toString(arr));
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+## 8. Complexity Analysis
+
+- **Time Complexity**:
+  - Best case: $O(n)$ (when the array is already sorted)
+    Average case: $O(n^2)$
+    Worst case: $O(n^2)$
+
+- **Space Complexity**: $O(1)$ (in-place sorting)
+
+## 9. Advantages and Disadvantages
+
+**Advantages:**
+- Cocktail Sort can be more efficient than Bubble Sort for certain types of input because it can        address issues where small elements are initially near the end of the list.
+- Simple to understand and implement.
+
+**Disadvantages:**
+- Still has a worst-case time complexity of $O(n^2)$, making it inefficient on large lists compared to more advanced algorithms like Quick Sort, Merge Sort, or Heap Sort.
+- The bidirectional approach does not significantly improve performance for most input cases.
+
+## 10. References
+
+- **GFG Article on Counting Sort:** [Geeks for Geeks Counting Sort](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/cocktail_sort/)
+- **GFG Problem** [Counting Sort Problem](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/problems/cocktail-sort/1)
+- **Wikipedia Article on Counting Sort:** [Counting Sort - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/cocktail_sort)