[PC-1953] [PXCT-97] OTBR Tutorial Nano ESP32 + Nano Matter

content/hardware/03.nano/boards/nano-matter/tutorials/open-thread-border-router/content.md

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+---
+beta: true
+title: 'Open Thread Border Router with Nano Matter & ESP32'
+description: 'Learn how to create your own Thread Border Router using OpenThread and Arduino ecosystem products.'
+difficulty: advanced
+compatible-products: [nano-matter]
+tags:
+  - OTBR
+  - Thread
+  - Matter
+  - Linux
+author: 'Martino Facchin, Leonardo Cavagnis and Christopher Méndez'
+hardware:
+  - hardware/03.nano/boards/nano-matter
+  - hardware/03.nano/boards/nano-esp32
+---
+
+## Introduction
+
+Thread is a low-power, wireless mesh networking protocol for smart homes and Internet of Things (IoT) devices. A Thread Border Router serves as a bridge between the Thread network and the wider Internet or local networks, allowing devices within the Thread network to communicate with external systems.
+
+![Project overview](assets/thumbnail.png)
+
+Matter devices can use Thread as their primary communication method, especially for low-power devices such as sensors, light bulbs, and door locks. These devices use the Thread protocol and leverage Matter's application layer for interoperability.
+
+### OpenThread Border Router
+
+An OpenThread Border Router (OTBR) consists of a **Matter Controller** and a **Radio Co-Processor** (RCP):
+
+- The *Matter Controller* is essential for managing devices using the Matter protocol, which ensures interoperability between nodes. It handles: commissioning, communication and network management.
+- The *Radio Co-Processor* (RCP) is dedicated to handling Thread network communications, improving efficiency by offloading radio communication tasks.
+
+The **Nano Matter** is the **RCP**, connected to the **Nano ESP32** (the Matter Controller) via serial port.
+
+![OpenThread border router architecture](assets/otbr.png)
+
+## Goals
+
+This tutorial's main objective is to guide you through the build and configuration of an OpenThread Border Router. This router will allow you to deploy a Matter network over Thread and integrate Matter devices into your Smart Home system.
+
+- Create an OTBR using Arduino products.
+- Leverage the Nano Matter as a Radio Co-Processor (RCP).
+- Use the Nano ESP32 as a Matter Controller.
+- Integrate a smart outlet based on the Nano Matter to your network.
+
+## Hardware and Software Requirements
+
+### Hardware Requirements
+
+- [Nano Matter](https://store.arduino.cc/products/nano-matter) (x2)
+- [Nano ESP32](https://store.arduino.cc/products/nano-esp32) (x1)
+- Linux Computer (Laptop/PC) (x1)
+- [USB-C® cable](https://store.arduino.cc/products/usb-cable2in1-type-c) (x1)
+
+### Software Requirements
+
+- [Arduino IDE 2.0+](https://www.arduino.cc/en/software)
+- [Simplicity Studio](https://www.silabs.com/developers/simplicity-studio)
+- [Visual Studio Code](https://code.visualstudio.com/)
+
+## Setting up the OTBR
+
+### The RCP: Nano Matter
+
+This section outlines the steps to build the RCP firmware for the Nano Matter.
+
+![Nano Matter Configuration](assets/matter-banner.png)
+
+#### Create a New Project
+
+- Download Simplicity Studio. Silicon Labs provides this IDE, which is designed to simplify the development process for Silicon Labs hardware platforms. Download latest version [here](https://www.silabs.com/developers/simplicity-studio).
+
+- Open Simplicity Studio and create a new project by clicking **File > New > Silicon Labs Project Wizard**.
+
+![New project creation](assets/new-project.png)
+
+- Set the following project configurations and click on *Next*.
+
+|   **Field**   |                     **Setting**                      |
+| :-----------: | :--------------------------------------------------: |
+| Target Boards | xGM240S 10 dBm Module Radio Board (BRD4318A Rev A04) |
+| Target Device |                    MGM240SD22VNA                     |
+
+![Project configuration](assets/project-config.png)
+
+- In the *Examples* tab search for the **OpenThread - RCP** example, select it and click on *Next*.
+
+![Example project selection](assets/example-select.png)
+
+- In the *Configuration* tab give the project a name and click on *Finish*.
+
+![Final project configuration](assets/project-name.png)
+
+#### Change the Serial Port Pinout
+
+The default pinout is **PA8 > TX** and **PA9 > RX**, but we need to change it to **PA4 > TX** and **PA5 > RX**, so they correspond to the **D0** and **D1** of the standard Nano layout.
+
+- Delete the default `USART0` setting:
+
+![Delete the default USART setting](assets/quit-usart.gif)
+
+- Add the new setting:
+
+![Add the new USART setting](assets/add-usart.gif)
+
+- Save your project with the new configurations.
+
+#### Disable USART Flow Control
+
+- Open the `<project-folder>/config/sl_uartdrv_usart_vcom_config.h` file.
+
+- Modify the `SL_UARTDRV_USART_VCOM_FLOW_CONTROL_TYPE` variable as follows:
+```
+#define SL_UARTDRV_USART_VCOM_FLOW_CONTROL_TYPE uartdrvFlowControlNone
+```
+
+![Flow Control Disabled](assets/flow-ctrl.png)
+
+#### Build and Flash the Project
+
+- In the upper menu navigate to **Project > Build Project** to compile and build the RCP firmware.
+
+![Project Build](assets/build-prj.png)
+
+- In your project directory navigate to the `/GNU ARM v12.2.1 - Default/` folder, right click on it and open a **Command Line**.
+
+Use the following command to flash the firmware to the Nano Matter, make sure to modify the `<username>` and `<project name>` with yours:
+
+```bash
+/Users/<your-username>/AppData/Local/Arduino15/packages/SiliconLabs/tools/openocd/0.12.0-arduino1-static/bin/openocd -d2 -s /Users/<your-username>/AppData/Local/Arduino15/packages/SiliconLabs/tools/openocd/0.12.0-arduino1-static/share/openocd/scripts/ -f interface/cmsis-dap.cfg -f target/efm32s2_g23.cfg -c "init; reset_config srst_nogate; reset halt; program {<project-name>.hex}; reset; exit"
+```
+
+![Firmware flashing using Command Line](assets/fw-flash.gif)
+
+***The __Openocd__ tool directory may vary according to your OS, modify the command above respectively.***
+
+### The Matter Controller: Nano ESP32
+
+This section outlines the steps to build the Matter Controller firmware for the Arduino Nano ESP32.
+
+![Nano ESP32 Configuration](assets/esp-banner.png)
+
+To set up the environment for the ESP32 firmware development use the following commands on a **Linux computer**.
+
+- Install dependencies (Ubuntu and Debian):
+
+```bash
+sudo apt-get install git wget flex bison gperf python3 python3-pip python3-venv cmake ninja-build ccache libffi-dev libssl-dev dfu-util libusb-1.0-0
+```
+
+***Search for the correct commands [here](https://docs.espressif.com/projects/esp-idf/en/stable/esp32s3/get-started/linux-macos-setup.html#for-linux-users) if you use a different Linux distribution.***
+
+- Install the **ESP-IDF**:
+
+```bash
+git clone -b v5.1.2 --recursive https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf.git
+cd esp-idf
+./install.sh
+. ./export.sh
+```
+
+- Clone the ESP Thread Border Router example repository:
+
+```bash
+git clone -b v1.0 --recursive https://github.com/espressif/esp-thread-br.git
+cd /esp-thread-br/examples/basic_thread_border_router/
+```
+- For the `sdkconfig` file to be generated, and we can later modify it with our Nano ESP32 custom settings, set the device target from the command line:
+
+```bash
+idf.py set-target esp32s3
+```
+
+Using a **code editor**, open the `sdkconfig` file located in `esp-thread-br/examples/basic_thread_border_router/sdkconfig` and do the following modifications:
+
+- Update the Wi-Fi credentials with your network `SSID` and `Password`:
+
+```bash
+CONFIG_EXAMPLE_WIFI_SSID="<your-wifi-ssid>"
+CONFIG_EXAMPLE_WIFI_PASSWORD="<your-wifi-password>"
+```
+
+- Modify the Serial pinout so it matches with the Arduino Nano layout:
+
+```bash
+CONFIG_PIN_TO_RCP_TX=43
+CONFIG_PIN_TO_RCP_RX=44
+```
+
+- Disable the RCP firmware auto-update verifying this parameter is not set:
+
+```bash
+# CONFIG_OPENTHREAD_BR_AUTO_UPDATE_RCP=y
+```
+
+- Enable the OpenThread webserver:
+
+```bash
+CONFIG_OPENTHREAD_BR_START_WEB=y
+```
+
+- Enable OpenThread commissioner and joiner:
+
+```bash
+CONFIG_OPENTHREAD_COMMISSIONER=y
+CONFIG_OPENTHREAD_JOINER=y
+```
+
+- Navigate to `esp-thread-br/examples/basic_thread_border_router/main/esp_ot_config.h`
+
+- Modify the Serial port baud rate to `115200`, the result should look like this:
+
+![Baud rate configuration update](assets/baud-rate.png)
+
+- Navigate to `esp-thread-br/examples/common/thread_border_router/src/border_router_launch.c`.
+
+- Disable the ESP RCP update process by commenting the following line of the `border_router_launch.c` file, the result should look like this:
+
+![RCP auto update disabling](assets/auto-update.png)
+
+- Go back to the `basic_thread_border_router` example folder and build the firmware:
+
+```bash
+cd esp-thread-br/examples/basic_thread_border_router
+idf.py build
+```
+
+- When the build is completed, flash the Nano ESP32:
+
+```bash
+idf.py -p /dev/ttyACM0 flash monitor
+```
+
+![Flashing process](assets/esp-flash-2.gif)
+
+***Do not run the `idf.py set-target esp32s3` command again to avoid overriding the customized configurations.***
+
+### OTBR Assembly
+
+After configuring and flashing the Nano Matter and Nano ESP32 separately, it is time to connect them. As they communicate through a serial connection, you can stack them using breakout headers or jumper wires as follows:
+
+![Nano ESP32 + Nano Matter wiring](assets/connection.png)
+![Nano ESP32 + Nano Matter stacking](assets/connection-2.png)
+
+***It doesn't matter which board is on top.***
+
+### CHIP Tool
+
+**CHIP Tool** is a command-line tool for *commissioning*, *controlling*, and *managing* **Matter** devices within a Matter network.
+
+Due to its high demand for storage space and computational power it must be executed on a separate, more powerful device, such as a Unix laptop (macOS or Linux), that is connected to the same Wi-Fi network. 
+
+This third device will handle the complex tasks, while the Nano ESP32 acts as the Matter Controller in the network.
+
+![Network layout](assets/chip-tool.png)
+
+#### Configure the CHIP Tool
+
+- On a Linux system, clone the CHIP Tool repository:
+
+```bash
+git clone --recurse-submodules https://github.com/project-chip/connectedhomeip.git
+```
+
+- Install prerequisites:
+
+Before building, you must install a few OS specific dependencies.
+
+```bash
+sudo apt-get install git gcc g++ pkg-config libssl-dev libdbus-1-dev \
+     libglib2.0-dev libavahi-client-dev ninja-build python3-venv python3-dev \
+     python3-pip unzip libgirepository1.0-dev libcairo2-dev libreadline-dev \
+     default-jre
+```
+
+- Open a command prompt in the `connectedhomeip` directory and run the following command:
+
+```bash
+cd connectedhomeip
+scripts/examples/gn_build_example.sh examples/chip-tool out/debug
+```
+
+![CHIP Tool environment set](assets/out-debug.png)
+- To check if the CHIP Tool runs correctly, execute the following command:
+
+```bash
+./out/debug/chip-tool
+```
+As a result, the CHIP Tool starts and prints all available commands.
+
+![Environment test](assets/run-test.png)
+
+## The Use Case: Smart Outlet
+
+This section provides an example of commissioning and communication over Matter between an end-device node and the OTBR.
+
+### Setup
+
+- **OTBR**: Nano ESP32 + Nano Matter
+- **CHIP Tool**: running on a Linux PC (with Bluetooth capabilities)
+- **End-device**: Nano Matter or other boards compatible with the Silabs Arduino core
+
+![Solution architecture](assets/final-arch.png)
+
+### End-Device Configuration
+
+As the *end-device* we are going to use a Nano Matter configured as **Smart Outlet**.
+
+- Ensure the Silicon Labs boards package is installed in the Arduino IDE 2.
+
+![Silicon Labs board package](assets/silabs-pckg.png)
+
+- Go to **File > Examples > Matter > matter_on_off_outlet** and flash the example to the Nano Matter.
+
+![Smart outlet example](assets/outlet-ex.png)
+
+***By default the example will use the built-in LED as an output, you can easily update the code so it controls a GPIO to activate an external relay.***
+
+- Once flashed, open the serial terminal and reset the board. Take note of the **manual pairing code**:
+
+![End-device Matter credentials](assets/pair-code.png)
+
+For example:
+
+```bash
+34970112332
+```
+
+### Getting Thread Network Credentials
+
+Connect through USB to the Nano ESP32 and run the following command from the Arduino IDE Serial Monitor:
+
+`dataset active -x`
+
+***This command will display the active Thread network dataset as a hexadecimal string.***
+
+![Thread network dataset string](assets/esp32-code.png)
+
+For example:
+
+```bash
+0e080000000000010000000300000f35060004001fffe00208dead00beef00cafe0708fd000db800a00000051000112233445566778899aabbccddeeff030e4f70656e5468726561642d455350010212340410104810e2315100afd6bc9215a6bfac530c0402a0f7f8
+```
+
+### Matter Commissioning
+
+Commissioning refers to setting up and integrating a new device into the Matter network.
+
+In this case, commissioning will occur via **Bluetooth**, where the laptop or PC with the CHIP Tool installed will communicate with the end device using a Bluetooth connection.
+
+- Open the terminal on the system where the **CHIP Tool** is running, and execute the following command:
+
+```bash
+./out/debug/chip-tool pairing code-thread <node-id> hex:<thread-network-dataset> <end-device-pairing-code>
+```
+
+1. Replace `node-id` with the unique identifier for the device you are pairing (you can choose it freely according to your preference).
+2. Replace `thread-network-dataset` with the hexadecimal string representing the Thread network dataset.
+3. Replace `end-device-pairing-code` with the manual pairing code for the end device.
+
+Here is an example using the previously gathered parameters:
+
+```bash
+./out/debug/chip-tool pairing code-thread 1 hex:0e080000000000010000000300000f35060004001fffe00208dead00beef00cafe0708fd000db800a00000051000112233445566778899aabbccddeeff030e4f70656e5468726561642d455350010212340410104810e2315100afd6bc9215a6bfac530c0402a0f7f8 34970112332
+```
+
+If commissioning phase works fine, on the end-device serial monitor you will get the following:
+
+![Commissioning process](assets/commission.png)
+
+Now we are ready to control the Smart Outlet from the CHIP Tool system.
+
+### Final Result (Testing)
+
+To control the Smart Outlet use the following command format:
+
+```bash
+./out/debug/chip-tool <cluster-name> <command> <node-id> <endpoint-id>
+# formatted command
+./out/debug/chip-tool onoff toggle 1 0x03
+```
+
+- `onoff`: This specifies that the command pertains to the On/Off cluster, which controls the device's power state (on/off).
+- `toggle`: This command switches the current state of the device.
+- `1`: This is the Node ID of the device receiving the command.
+- `0x03`: This is the endpoint ID of the device (fixed to 0x03 for Silicon Labs device).
+
+Every time you run the command, the Smart Outlet toggles, turning the connected load on or off.
+
+![Smart outlet working demo](assets/final-demo.gif)
+
+## Conclusion
+
+This tutorial showed how to create an OpenThread Border Router using the Arduino Nano Matter and the Nano ESP32 alongside a Linux computer. With this solution you can easily integrate and control Matter Accessory Devices for Smart Homes or Industries.
+
+### Next Steps
+
+Now that you know how to create your own Thread Border Router, you can continue developing a custom platform or application that uses the CHIP Tool API to control Matter end devices from a mobile app or web platform with user-friendly dashboards and interfaces.
+