docs: add types to public methods and getters/setters

[rafaelss95]

Part of #9558.

This:

• Changes some incorrect docs;
• Marks some inherited methods/variables' docs as private-docs as they can be caught by parent class after docs: show inherited properties #9299;
• Put getters/setters and properties together to avoid duplicated docs;
• Removes unnecessary docs for ControlValueAccessor methods API;
• Removes unnecessary types for lifecycle hooks;
• Adds missing types for methods/variables;

Relates to #8832.

cc @jelbourn.

I'm open to rephrase the title of this PR, feel free to suggest.

[jelbourn]

LGTM

[jelbourn]

Passes internal presubmit, just needs rebase

[rafaelss95]

Done, @jelbourn.

[josephperrott]

@rafaelss95 Looks like a lint error due to having an unescaped HTML tag in a JSDoc.

[googlebot]

So there's good news and bad news.

👍 The good news is that everyone that needs to sign a CLA (the pull request submitter and all commit authors) have done so. Everything is all good there.

😕 The bad news is that it appears that one or more commits were authored by someone other than the pull request submitter. We need to confirm that all authors are ok with their commits being contributed to this project. Please have them confirm that here in the pull request.

Note to project maintainer: This is a terminal state, meaning the cla/google commit status will not change from this State. It's up to you to confirm consent of the commit author(s) and merge this pull request when appropriate.

[rafaelss95]

Done, @josephperrott.

I messed up while I was rebasing and @googlebot removed the cla: yes label. Can you add it again?

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