Concrete executor phases refactoring

[SBOne-Kenobi]

Description

We need some refactoring changes due to this discussion comment.

This PR introduces a refactoring that splits the pipeline of UtExecutionInstrumentation into phases:

1. Value construction
2. Preparation
3. Invocation
4. Statistics collection
5. Model construction
6. Postprocessing

Also, was added additional exceptions handling with wrapping an exception into PhaseException according to a phase where the exception was thrown.

classDiagram
  direction LR
  class PhaseContext~E: PhaseError~
  <<interface>> PhaseContext
  PhaseContext : +wrapError(Throwable error)  E
  
  class ValueConstructionContext~ValueConstructionPhaseError~
  PhaseContext ..|> ValueConstructionContext

  class PreparationContext~PreparationPhaseError~
  PhaseContext ..|> PreparationContext

  class InvocationContext~InvocationPhaseError~
  PhaseContext ..|> InvocationContext

  class StatisticsCollectionContext~StatisticsCollectionPhaseError~
  PhaseContext ..|> StatisticsCollectionContext

  class ModelConstructionContext~ModelConstructionPhaseError~
  PhaseContext ..|> ModelConstructionContext

  class PostprocessingContext~PostprocessingPhaseError~
  PhaseContext ..|> PostprocessingContext

  class PhasesController 

  ValueConstructionContext --o PhasesController 
  PreparationContext --o PhasesController 
  InvocationContext --o PhasesController 
  StatisticsCollectionContext --o PhasesController 
  PostprocessingContext --o PhasesController 

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Type of Change

• Refactoring (typos and non-functional changes)

Checklist:

• The change followed the style guidelines of the UTBot project
• Self-review of the code is passed
• The change contains enough commentaries, particularly in hard-to-understand areas
• New documentation is provided or existed one is altered
• No new warnings
• New tests have been added
• All tests pass locally with my changes

[sergeypospelov]

LGTM.
I suggest adding some comments oneach PhaseContext, just a simple description what a certain phases does.