Add a detection for narrowing transformations of primitive values

[CaelmBleidd]

Description

We have functionality that checks whether some addition or multiplication causes overflow. Seems like it doesn't reflect specifications (see this comment), so after a discussion with @Markoutte we agreed to change this behaviour in the following way:

1. Let's make these checks for addition and multiplication for integer/long overflow only (just like Math.addExact)
2. For all other operations this check should be processed only when narrowing transformation is applied. To do so, we have to implement a check in a cast function that makes sure that the value before the cast is in the bounds of a type after cast.

Expected behavior

Detect overflow for integer and long values, narrowing transformation for all primitive types.

Environment

There is no specific environment.

Potential alternatives

Can be discussed depending on what users expect.

Context

There is no additional context.