Merge pull request #71 from emseto/csharp-solutions-two-pointers

Added C# solutions for Chapter 1 (Two Pointers)

Author: Destiny-02

csharp/Two Pointers/IsPalindromeValid.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+public class Solution 
+{
+    public bool IsPalindromeValid(string s) 
+    {
+        int left = 0, right = s.Length - 1;
+        while (left < right) 
+        {
+            // Skip non-alphanumeric characters from the left.
+            while (left < right && !char.IsLetterOrDigit(s[left])) 
+            {
+                left++;
+            }
+            
+            // Skip non-alphanumeric characters from the right.
+            while (left < right && !char.IsLetterOrDigit(s[right])) 
+            {
+                right--;
+            }
+
+            // If the characters at the left and right pointers don't
+            // match, the string is not a palindrome.
+            if (s[left] != s[right]) 
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            left++;
+            right--;
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+}

csharp/Two Pointers/LargestContainer.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+public class Solution 
+{
+    public int LargestContainer(int[] heights) 
+    {
+        int max_water = 0;
+        int left = 0, right = heights.Length - 1;
+        while (left < right) 
+        {
+            // Calculate the water contained between the current pair of
+            // lines.
+            int water = Math.Min(heights[left], heights[right]) * (right - left);
+            max_water = Math.Max(max_water, water);
+            // Move the pointers inward, always moving the pointer at the
+            // shorter line. If both lines have the same height, move both
+            // pointers inward.
+            if (heights[left] < heights[right]) 
+            {
+                left++;
+            } 
+            else if (heights[left] > heights[right]) 
+            {
+                right--;
+            } 
+            else 
+            {
+                left++;
+                right--;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return max_water;
+    }
+}

csharp/Two Pointers/LargestContainerBruteForce.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+public class Solution 
+{
+    public int LargestContainerBruteForce(int[] heights) 
+    {
+        int n = heights.Length;
+        int max_water = 0;
+        // Find the maximum amount of water stored between all pairs of
+        // lines.
+        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) 
+        {
+            for (int j = i + 1; j < n; j++) 
+            {
+                int water = Math.Min(heights[i], heights[j]) * (j - i);
+                max_water = Math.Max(max_water, water);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return max_water;
+    }
+}

csharp/Two Pointers/NextLexicographicalSequence.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+public class Solution 
+{
+    public string NextLexicographicalSequence(string s) 
+    {
+        char[] letters = s.ToCharArray();
+        // Locate the pivot, which is the first character from the right that breaks 
+        // non-increasing order. Start searching from the second-to-last position, 
+        // since the last character is neither increasing nor decreasing.
+        int pivot = letters.Length - 2;
+        while (pivot >= 0 && letters[pivot] >= letters[pivot + 1]) 
+        {
+            pivot--;
+        }
+        // If pivot is not found, the string is already in its largest permutation. In 
+        // this case, reverse the string to obtain the smallest permutation.
+        if (pivot == -1) 
+        {
+            ReverseString(letters, 0, letters.Length - 1);
+            return string.Join("", letters);        
+        }
+        // Find the rightmost successor to the pivot.
+        int rightmost_successor = letters.Length - 1;
+        while (letters[rightmost_successor] <= letters[pivot]) 
+        {
+            rightmost_successor--;
+        }
+        // Swap the rightmost successor with the pivot to increase the lexicographical 
+        // order of the suffix.
+        (letters[pivot], letters[rightmost_successor]) = (letters[rightmost_successor], letters[pivot]);
+        // Reverse the suffix after the pivot to minimize its permutation.
+        ReverseString(letters, pivot + 1, letters.Length - 1);
+        return string.Join("", letters);
+    }
+
+    public void ReverseString(char[] s, int start, int end) 
+    {
+        while (start < end) 
+        {
+            (s[start], s[end]) = (s[end], s[start]);
+
+            start++;
+            end--;
+        }
+    }
+}

csharp/Two Pointers/PairSumSorted.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+public class Solution 
+{
+    public int[] PairSumSorted(int[] nums, int target) 
+    {
+        int left = 0, right = nums.Length - 1;
+        while (left < right) 
+        {
+            int sum = nums[left] + nums[right];
+            // If the sum is smaller, increment the left pointer, aiming
+            // to increase the sum toward the target value.
+            if (sum < target) 
+            {
+                left++;
+            }
+            // If the sum is larger, decrement the right pointer, aiming
+            // to decrease the sum toward the target value.
+            else if (sum > target) 
+            {
+                right--;
+            } 
+            // If the target pair is found, return its indexes.
+            else 
+            {
+                return [left, right];
+            }
+        }
+
+        return [];
+    }
+}

csharp/Two Pointers/PairSumSortedBruteForce.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+public class Solution 
+{
+    public int[] PairSumSortedBruteForce(int[] nums, int target) 
+    {
+        int n = nums.Length;
+        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) 
+        {
+            for (int j = i + 1; j < n; j++) 
+            {
+                if (nums[i] + nums[j] == target) 
+                {
+                    return [i, j];
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return [];
+    }
+}

csharp/Two Pointers/ShiftZerosToTheEnd.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+public class Solution 
+{
+    public void ShiftZerosToTheEnd(int[] nums) 
+    {
+        // The 'left' pointer is used to position non-zero elements.
+        int left = 0;
+        // Iterate through the array using a 'right' pointer to locate non-zero
+        // elements.
+        for (int right = 0; right < nums.Length; right++) 
+        {
+            if (nums[right] != 0) 
+            {
+                (nums[right], nums[left]) = (nums[left], nums[right]);
+                // Increment 'left' since it now points to a position already occupied
+                // by a non-zero element.
+                left++;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

csharp/Two Pointers/ShiftZerosToTheEndNaive.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+public class Solution
+{
+    public void ShiftZerosToTheEndNaive(int[] nums) 
+    {
+        int[] temp = new int[nums.Length];
+        int i = 0;
+        // Add all non-zero elements to the left of 'temp'.
+        foreach (int num in nums) 
+        {
+            if (num != 0)
+            {
+                temp[i] = num;
+                i++;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Set 'nums' to 'temp'.
+        for (int j = 0; j < nums.Length; j++) 
+        {
+            nums[j] = temp[j];
+        }
+    }
+}

csharp/Two Pointers/TripletSum.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+public class Solution
+{
+    public IList<IList<int>> TripletSum(int[] nums) 
+    {
+        IList<IList<int>> triplets = [];
+        Array.Sort(nums);
+        for (int i = 0; i < nums.Length; i++) 
+        {
+            // Optimization: triplets consisting of only positive numbers
+            // will never sum to 0.
+            if (nums[i] > 0) 
+            {
+                break;
+            }
+
+            // To avoid duplicate triplets, skip 'a' if it's the same as
+            // the previous number.
+            if (i > 0 && nums[i] == nums[i - 1]) 
+            {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            // Find all pairs that sum to a target of '-a' (-nums[i]).
+            IList<IList<int>> pairs = PairSumSortedAllPairs(nums, i + 1, -nums[i]);
+            foreach (var pair in pairs) 
+            {
+                triplets.Add([nums[i], pair[0], pair[1]]);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return triplets;
+    }
+
+    public IList<IList<int>> PairSumSortedAllPairs(int[] nums, int start, int target) 
+    {
+        IList<IList<int>> pairs = [];
+        int left = start, right = nums.Length - 1;
+        while (left < right) 
+        {
+            int sum = nums[left] + nums[right];
+            if (sum == target) 
+            {
+                pairs.Add([nums[left], nums[right]]);
+                left++;
+                // To avoid duplicate '[b, c]' pairs, skip 'b' if it's the
+                // same as the previous number.
+                while (left < right && nums[left] == nums[left - 1]) 
+                {
+                    left++;
+                }
+            }
+            else if (sum < target) 
+            {
+                left++;
+            } 
+            else 
+            {
+                right--;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return pairs;
+    }
+}

csharp/Two Pointers/TripletSumBruteForce.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+public class Solution 
+{
+    public IList<IList<int>> TripletSumBruteForce(int[] nums) 
+    {
+        int n = nums.Length;
+        // Use a hash set to ensure we don't add duplicate triplets.
+        HashSet<Tuple<int, int, int>> triplets = [];
+        // Iterate through the indexes of all triplets.
+        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) 
+        {
+            for (int j = i + 1; j < n; j++) 
+            {
+                for (int k = j + 1; k < n; k++) 
+                {
+                    if (nums[i] + nums[j] + nums[k] == 0) 
+                    {
+                        // Sort the triplet before including it in the
+                        // hash set.
+                        int[] triplet = [nums[i], nums[j], nums[k]];
+                        Array.Sort(triplet);
+                        triplets.Add(new Tuple<int, int, int>(triplet[0], triplet[1], triplet[2]));
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        IList<IList<int>> result = [];
+        foreach (var triplet in triplets) 
+        {
+            result.Add([triplet.Item1, triplet.Item2, triplet.Item3]);
+        }
+
+        return result;
+    }
+}