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Copy file name to clipboardExpand all lines: src/guide/single-file-component.md
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## 前書き
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Vue Single File Components (aka `*.vue`files, abbreviated as **SFC**) is a special file format that allows us to encapsulate the template, logic, **and**styling of a Vue component in a single file. Here's an example SFC:
As we can see, Vue SFC is a natural extension of the classic trio of HTML, CSS and JavaScript. Each`*.vue`file consists of three types of top-level language blocks: `<template>`, `<script>`, and`<style>`:
Check out more details in the [SFC Syntax Specification](/api/sfc-spec).
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詳しくは [SFC 構文の仕様](/api/sfc-spec) を参照してください。
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## How It Works
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## 仕組み
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Vue SFC is a framework-specific file format and must be pre-compiled by [@vue/compiler-sfc](https://github.com/vuejs/vue-next/tree/master/packages/compiler-sfc)into standard JavaScript and CSS. A compiled SFC is a standard JavaScript (ES) module - which means with proper build setup you can import an SFC like a module:
`<style>`tags inside SFCs are typically injected as native `<style>`tags during development to support hot updates. For production they can be extracted and merged into a single CSS file.
In actual projects, we typically integrate the SFC compiler with a build tool such as [Vite](https://vitejs.dev/)or [Vue CLI](http://cli.vuejs.org/)(which is based on [webpack](https://webpack.js.org/)), and Vue provides official scaffolding tools to get you started with SFCs as fast as possible. Check out more details in the [SFC Tooling](/api/sfc-tooling)section.
That said, we do realize there are scenarios where SFCs can feel like overkill. This is why Vue can still be used via plain JavaScript without a build step. If you are just looking for enhancing largely static HTML with light interactions, you can also check out [petite-vue](https://github.com/vuejs/petite-vue), a 5kb subset of Vue optimized for progressive enhancement.
Some users coming from a traditional web development background may have the concern that SFCs are mixing different concerns in the same place - which HTML/CSS/JS were supposed to separate!
To answer this question, it is important for us to agree that **separation of concerns is not equal to separation of file types.**The ultimate goal of engineering principles is to improve maintainability of codebases. Separation of concerns, when applied dogmatically as separation of file types, does not help us reach that goal in the context of increasingly complex frontend applications.
In modern UI development, we have found that instead of dividing the codebase into three huge layers that interweave with one another, it makes much more sense to divide them into loosely-coupled components and compose them. Inside a component, its template, logic, and styles are inherently coupled, and collocating them actually makes the component more cohesive and maintainable.
Note even if you don't like the idea of Single-File Components, you can still leverage its hot-reloading and pre-compilation features by separating your JavaScript and CSS into separate files using [Src Imports](/api/sfc-spec.html#src-imports).
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