diff --git a/packages/tailwindcss-language-service/src/util/rewriting/index.test.ts b/packages/tailwindcss-language-service/src/util/rewriting/index.test.ts
index 3adbdb44..de51a2b7 100644
--- a/packages/tailwindcss-language-service/src/util/rewriting/index.test.ts
+++ b/packages/tailwindcss-language-service/src/util/rewriting/index.test.ts
@@ -79,9 +79,49 @@ test('replacing CSS variables with their fallbacks (when they have them)', () =>
   expect(replaceCssVarsWithFallbacks(state, 'var(--level-3)')).toBe('blue')
 
   // Circular replacements don't cause infinite loops
-  expect(replaceCssVarsWithFallbacks(state, 'var(--circular-1)')).toBe('var(--circular-3)')
-  expect(replaceCssVarsWithFallbacks(state, 'var(--circular-2)')).toBe('var(--circular-1)')
-  expect(replaceCssVarsWithFallbacks(state, 'var(--circular-3)')).toBe('var(--circular-2)')
+  expect(replaceCssVarsWithFallbacks(state, 'var(--circular-1)')).toBe('var(--circular-1)')
+  expect(replaceCssVarsWithFallbacks(state, 'var(--circular-2)')).toBe('var(--circular-2)')
+  expect(replaceCssVarsWithFallbacks(state, 'var(--circular-3)')).toBe('var(--circular-3)')
+})
+
+test('recursive theme replacements', () => {
+  let map = new Map<string, string>([
+    ['--color-a', 'var(--color-a)'],
+    ['--color-b', 'rgb(var(--color-b))'],
+    ['--color-c', 'rgb(var(--channel) var(--channel) var(--channel))'],
+    ['--channel', '255'],
+
+    ['--color-d', 'rgb(var(--indirect) var(--indirect) var(--indirect))'],
+    ['--indirect', 'var(--channel)'],
+    ['--channel', '255'],
+
+    ['--mutual-a', 'calc(var(--mutual-b) * 1)'],
+    ['--mutual-b', 'calc(var(--mutual-a) + 1)'],
+  ])
+
+  let state: State = {
+    enabled: true,
+    designSystem: {
+      theme: { prefix: null } as any,
+      resolveThemeValue: (name) => map.get(name) ?? null,
+    } as DesignSystem,
+  }
+
+  expect(replaceCssVarsWithFallbacks(state, 'var(--color-a)')).toBe('var(--color-a)')
+  expect(replaceCssVarsWithFallbacks(state, 'var(--color-b)')).toBe('rgb(var(--color-b))')
+  expect(replaceCssVarsWithFallbacks(state, 'var(--color-c)')).toBe('rgb(255 255 255)')
+
+  // This one is wrong but fixing it without breaking the infinite recursion guard is complex
+  expect(replaceCssVarsWithFallbacks(state, 'var(--color-d)')).toBe(
+    'rgb(255 var(--indirect) var(--indirect))',
+  )
+
+  expect(replaceCssVarsWithFallbacks(state, 'var(--mutual-a)')).toBe(
+    'calc(calc(var(--mutual-a) + 1) * 1)',
+  )
+  expect(replaceCssVarsWithFallbacks(state, 'var(--mutual-b)')).toBe(
+    'calc(calc(var(--mutual-b) * 1) + 1)',
+  )
 })
 
 test('Evaluating CSS calc expressions', () => {
diff --git a/packages/tailwindcss-language-service/src/util/rewriting/var-fallbacks.ts b/packages/tailwindcss-language-service/src/util/rewriting/var-fallbacks.ts
index 91dcc91d..2eb8c918 100644
--- a/packages/tailwindcss-language-service/src/util/rewriting/var-fallbacks.ts
+++ b/packages/tailwindcss-language-service/src/util/rewriting/var-fallbacks.ts
@@ -3,14 +3,25 @@ import { resolveVariableValue } from './lookup'
 import { replaceCssVars } from './replacements'
 
 export function replaceCssVarsWithFallbacks(state: State, str: string): string {
+  let seen = new Set<string>()
+
   return replaceCssVars(str, {
     replace({ name, fallback }) {
       // Replace with the value from the design system first. The design system
       // take precedences over other sources as that emulates the behavior of a
       // browser where the fallback is only used if the variable is defined.
       if (state.designSystem && name.startsWith('--')) {
+        // TODO: This isn't quite right as we might skip expanding a variable
+        // that should be expanded
+        if (seen.has(name)) return null
         let value = resolveVariableValue(state.designSystem, name)
-        if (value !== null) return value
+        if (value !== null) {
+          if (value.includes('var(')) {
+            seen.add(name)
+          }
+
+          return value
+        }
       }
 
       if (fallback) {
diff --git a/packages/vscode-tailwindcss/CHANGELOG.md b/packages/vscode-tailwindcss/CHANGELOG.md
index 4162495c..a734adf3 100644
--- a/packages/vscode-tailwindcss/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/packages/vscode-tailwindcss/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 
 - Warn when using a blocklisted class in v4 ([#1310](https://github.com/tailwindlabs/tailwindcss-intellisense/pull/1310))
 - Support class function hovers in Svelte and HTML `<script>` blocks ([#1311](https://github.com/tailwindlabs/tailwindcss-intellisense/pull/1311))
+- Guard against recursive theme key lookup ([#1332](https://github.com/tailwindlabs/tailwindcss-intellisense/pull/1332))
 
 # 0.14.15