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* Redemption :The amount to be received at maturity.
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* Basis : The type of specifies the day count basis to used in the calculation.
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## NOMINAL
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The `NOMINAL` function returns the nominal annual interest rate, given the effective rate and the number of compounding periods per year.
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**Syntax:**
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_NOMINAL(effect_rate, npery)_
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**Where:**
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* effect_rate: The effective interest rate.
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* npery: The number of compounding periods per year.
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**Remarks:**
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* npery is truncated to an integer.
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* If either argument is non-numeric, `NOMINAL` returns the `#VALUE!` error.
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* If effect_rate is less than or equal to 0 or if npery is less than 1, `NOMINAL` returns the `#NUM!` error value.
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* The `NOMINAL` function is related to the `EFFECT` function, which calculates the effective annual interest rate based on the nominal rate and the number of compounding periods.
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## MDURATION
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The `MDURATION` function returns the modified Macaulay duration for a security with an assumed par value of $100.
* frequency: The number of coupon payments per year (1 for annual, 2 for semiannual, 4 for quarterly).
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* basis (Optional): The day-count convention to use (default is 0: US (NASD) 30/360):
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* 0 or omitted: US (NASD) 30/360
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* 1: Actual/actual
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* 2: Actual/360
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* 3: Actual/365
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* 4: European 30/360
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**Remarks:**
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* Dates are stored as serial numbers. (e.g., January 1, 1900, is represented as 1).
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* If settlement or maturity is a not valid date, `MDURATION` returns the `#VALUE!` error.
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* If yld or coupon less than 0, or if frequency is not 1, 2, or 4, `MDURATION` returns the `#NUM!` error.
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* If basis is outside the range 0-4, it returns the `#NUM!` error.
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* If settlement is greater than or equal to maturity, `MDURATION` returns the `#NUM!` error.
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*`MDURATION` adjusts the Macaulay duration to account for changes in interest rates.
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## PDURATION
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The `PDURATION` function returns the number of periods required by an investment to reach a specified value.
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**Syntax:**
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_PDURATION(rate, pv, fv)_
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**Where:**
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* rate: The interest rate per period.
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* pv: The present value of the investment.
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* fv: The desired future value of the investment.
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**Remarks:**
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* If rate is less than or equal to 0, or if pv or fv is less than or equal to 0, `PDURATION` returns the `#NUM!` error.
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* If any argument is non-numeric, `PDURATION` returns the `#VALUE!` error.
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*`PDURATION` calculates how many periods are needed for an investment to grow from its present value to the desired future value, based on the specified interest rate.
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## COUPDAYS
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The `COUPDAYS` function returns the number of days in the coupon period that contains the settlement date.
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