diff --git a/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/core/TypeOps.scala b/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/core/TypeOps.scala
index e8e59252ed7d..fd318e59bf9d 100644
--- a/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/core/TypeOps.scala
+++ b/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/core/TypeOps.scala
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ import config.Feature
 import typer.Applications._
 import typer.ProtoTypes._
 import typer.ForceDegree
-import typer.Inferencing.isFullyDefined
+import typer.Inferencing._
 import typer.IfBottom
 
 import scala.annotation.internal.sharable
@@ -618,8 +618,9 @@ object TypeOps:
 
     val childTp = if (child.isTerm) child.termRef else child.typeRef
 
-    instantiateToSubType(childTp, parent)(using ctx.fresh.setNewTyperState())
-      .dealias
+    inContext(ctx.fresh.setExploreTyperState().setFreshGADTBounds) {
+      instantiateToSubType(childTp, parent).dealias
+    }
   }
 
   /** Instantiate type `tp1` to be a subtype of `tp2`
@@ -665,10 +666,11 @@ object TypeOps:
     def minTypeMap(implicit ctx: Context) = new AbstractTypeMap(maximize = false)
     def maxTypeMap(implicit ctx: Context) = new AbstractTypeMap(maximize = true)
 
-    // Fix subtype checking for child instantiation,
-    // such that `Foo(Test.this.foo) <:< Foo(Foo.this)`
+    // Prefix inference, replace `p.C.this.Child` with `X.Child` where `X <: p.C`
+    // Note: we need to strip ThisType in `p` recursively.
+    //
     // See tests/patmat/i3938.scala
-    class RemoveThisMap extends TypeMap {
+    class InferPrefixMap extends TypeMap {
       var prefixTVar: Type = null
       def apply(tp: Type): Type = tp match {
         case ThisType(tref: TypeRef) if !tref.symbol.isStaticOwner =>
@@ -685,22 +687,14 @@ object TypeOps:
       }
     }
 
-    // replace uninstantiated type vars with WildcardType, check tests/patmat/3333.scala
-    def instUndetMap(implicit ctx: Context) = new TypeMap {
-      def apply(t: Type): Type = t match {
-        case tvar: TypeVar if !tvar.isInstantiated => WildcardType(tvar.origin.underlying.bounds)
-        case _ => mapOver(t)
-      }
-    }
-
-    val removeThisType = new RemoveThisMap
+    val inferThisMap = new InferPrefixMap
     val tvars = tp1.typeParams.map { tparam => newTypeVar(tparam.paramInfo.bounds) }
-    val protoTp1 = removeThisType.apply(tp1).appliedTo(tvars)
+    val protoTp1 = inferThisMap.apply(tp1).appliedTo(tvars)
 
     val force = new ForceDegree.Value(
       tvar =>
         !(ctx.typerState.constraint.entry(tvar.origin) `eq` tvar.origin.underlying) ||
-        (tvar `eq` removeThisType.prefixTVar),
+        (tvar `eq` inferThisMap.prefixTVar), // always instantiate prefix
       IfBottom.flip
     )
 
@@ -715,14 +709,15 @@ object TypeOps:
       }
     }
 
-    if (protoTp1 <:< tp2)
-      if (isFullyDefined(protoTp1, force)) protoTp1
-      else instUndetMap.apply(protoTp1)
+    if (protoTp1 <:< tp2) {
+      maximizeType(protoTp1, NoSpan, fromScala2x = false)
+      wildApprox(protoTp1)
+    }
     else {
       val protoTp2 = maxTypeMap.apply(tp2)
       if (protoTp1 <:< protoTp2 || parentQualify)
         if (isFullyDefined(AndType(protoTp1, protoTp2), force)) protoTp1
-        else instUndetMap.apply(protoTp1)
+        else wildApprox(protoTp1)
       else {
         typr.println(s"$protoTp1 <:< $protoTp2 = false")
         NoType
diff --git a/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/transform/TypeTestsCasts.scala b/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/transform/TypeTestsCasts.scala
index 70026a6b60d9..49ad01275685 100644
--- a/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/transform/TypeTestsCasts.scala
+++ b/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/transform/TypeTestsCasts.scala
@@ -55,22 +55,20 @@ object TypeTestsCasts {
    */
   def checkable(X: Type, P: Type, span: Span)(using Context): Boolean = {
     def isAbstract(P: Type) = !P.dealias.typeSymbol.isClass
-    def isPatternTypeSymbol(sym: Symbol) = !sym.isClass && sym.is(Case)
 
     def replaceP(tp: Type)(implicit ctx: Context) = new TypeMap {
       def apply(tp: Type) = tp match {
-        case tref: TypeRef
-        if isPatternTypeSymbol(tref.typeSymbol) => WildcardType
-        case AnnotatedType(_, annot)
-        if annot.symbol == defn.UncheckedAnnot => WildcardType
+        case tref: TypeRef if tref.typeSymbol.isPatternBound =>
+          WildcardType
+        case AnnotatedType(_, annot) if annot.symbol == defn.UncheckedAnnot =>
+          WildcardType
         case _ => mapOver(tp)
       }
     }.apply(tp)
 
     def replaceX(tp: Type)(implicit ctx: Context) = new TypeMap {
       def apply(tp: Type) = tp match {
-        case tref: TypeRef
-        if isPatternTypeSymbol(tref.typeSymbol) =>
+        case tref: TypeRef if tref.typeSymbol.isPatternBound =>
           if (variance == 1) tref.info.hiBound
           else if (variance == -1) tref.info.loBound
           else OrType(defn.AnyType, defn.NothingType)
diff --git a/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/transform/patmat/Space.scala b/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/transform/patmat/Space.scala
index 9d20725a2590..98ba98b4f313 100644
--- a/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/transform/patmat/Space.scala
+++ b/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/transform/patmat/Space.scala
@@ -464,7 +464,6 @@ class SpaceEngine(implicit ctx: Context) extends SpaceLogic {
    *     }
    */
   private def erase(tp: Type, inArray: Boolean = false): Type = trace(i"$tp erased to", debug) {
-    def isPatternTypeSymbol(sym: Symbol) = !sym.isClass && sym.is(Case)
 
     tp match {
       case tp @ AppliedType(tycon, args) =>
@@ -476,7 +475,7 @@ class SpaceEngine(implicit ctx: Context) extends SpaceLogic {
         AndType(erase(tp1, inArray), erase(tp2, inArray))
       case tp @ RefinedType(parent, _, _) =>
         erase(parent)
-      case tref: TypeRef if isPatternTypeSymbol(tref.typeSymbol) =>
+      case tref: TypeRef if tref.typeSymbol.isPatternBound =>
         if (inArray) tref.underlying else WildcardType
       case _ => tp
     }
diff --git a/tests/patmat/i3938.check b/tests/patmat/i3938.check
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..5aaefe2263e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/patmat/i3938.check
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+34: Pattern Match Exhaustivity: bar.C()
diff --git a/tests/patmat/i3938.scala b/tests/patmat/i3938.scala
index d5c40b6490e5..0a6395b0a727 100644
--- a/tests/patmat/i3938.scala
+++ b/tests/patmat/i3938.scala
@@ -23,10 +23,15 @@ class Test {
   val foo = new Foo
   import foo.bar._
 
-  def test(a: A) = {
+  def h(a: A) = {
     a match {
       case B() => 1
       case _ => 2 // unreachable code
     }
   }
+
+  def f(a: A) =
+    a match {
+      case B() => 1
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/patmat/i9067.scala b/tests/patmat/i9067.scala
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..3ef8271e16df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/patmat/i9067.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+sealed trait Base[A, +B]
+case class Foo[A, +B](f: A => B) extends Base[A, B]
+
+def bar(x: Base[Any, Any]): Unit = x match { case Foo(_) => }