diff --git a/compiler/src/dotty/tools/backend/jvm/DottyBackendInterface.scala b/compiler/src/dotty/tools/backend/jvm/DottyBackendInterface.scala
index feae0bf68469..0ac705ab5738 100644
--- a/compiler/src/dotty/tools/backend/jvm/DottyBackendInterface.scala
+++ b/compiler/src/dotty/tools/backend/jvm/DottyBackendInterface.scala
@@ -974,7 +974,7 @@ class DottyBackendInterface(outputDirectory: AbstractFile, val superCallsMap: Ma
       }
     }
 
-    def summaryString: String = tp.showSummary
+    def summaryString: String = tp.showSummary()
 
     def params: List[Symbol] =
       Nil // backend uses this to emit annotations on parameter lists of forwarders
diff --git a/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/core/Contexts.scala b/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/core/Contexts.scala
index 92a6eee9b285..b2787422d5e6 100644
--- a/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/core/Contexts.scala
+++ b/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/core/Contexts.scala
@@ -636,7 +636,7 @@ object Contexts {
     owner = NoSymbol
     tree = untpd.EmptyTree
     typeAssigner = TypeAssigner
-    moreProperties = Map.empty
+    moreProperties = Map(MessageLimiter -> DefaultMessageLimiter())
     source = NoSource
     store = initialStore
       .updated(settingsStateLoc, settingsGroup.defaultState)
@@ -772,10 +772,6 @@ object Contexts {
 
     private[core] var denotTransformers: Array[DenotTransformer] = _
 
-    // Printers state
-    /** Number of recursive invocations of a show method on current stack */
-    private[dotc] var toTextRecursions: Int = 0
-
     // Reporters state
     private[dotc] var indent: Int = 0
 
diff --git a/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/core/Mode.scala b/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/core/Mode.scala
index de07aa242c95..eaecd58082c7 100644
--- a/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/core/Mode.scala
+++ b/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/core/Mode.scala
@@ -58,8 +58,8 @@ object Mode {
   /** Assume -language:strictEquality */
   val StrictEquality: Mode = newMode(9, "StrictEquality")
 
-  /** We are currently printing something: avoid to produce more logs about
-   *  the printing
+  /** We are currently printing something: avoid producing more logs about
+   *  the printing.
    */
   val Printing: Mode = newMode(10, "Printing")
 
diff --git a/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/printing/Formatting.scala b/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/printing/Formatting.scala
index 57872eccc01c..25a6430b7d15 100644
--- a/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/printing/Formatting.scala
+++ b/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/printing/Formatting.scala
@@ -31,7 +31,9 @@ object Formatting {
           case NonFatal(ex)
           if !ctx.mode.is(Mode.PrintShowExceptions) &&
              !ctx.settings.YshowPrintErrors.value =>
-            val msg = ex match { case te: TypeError => te.toMessage case _ => ex.getMessage }
+            val msg = ex match
+              case te: TypeError => te.toMessage
+              case _ => ex.getMessage
             s"[cannot display due to $msg, raw string = ${arg.toString}]"
         }
       case _ => arg.toString
@@ -69,10 +71,9 @@ object Formatting {
    *  like concatenation, stripMargin etc on the values returned by em"...", and in the current error
    *  message composition methods, this is crucial.
    */
-  class ErrorMessageFormatter(sc: StringContext) extends StringFormatter(sc) {
+  class ErrorMessageFormatter(sc: StringContext) extends StringFormatter(sc):
     override protected def showArg(arg: Any)(implicit ctx: Context): String =
-      wrapNonSensical(arg, super.showArg(arg))
-  }
+      wrapNonSensical(arg, super.showArg(arg)(using errorMessageCtx))
 
   class SyntaxFormatter(sc: StringContext) extends StringFormatter(sc) {
     override protected def showArg(arg: Any)(implicit ctx: Context): String =
@@ -254,12 +255,19 @@ object Formatting {
     if (explainLines.isEmpty) "" else i"where:    $explainLines%\n          %\n"
   }
 
+  private def errorMessageCtx(using ctx: Context): Context =
+    ctx.property(MessageLimiter) match
+      case Some(_: ErrorMessageLimiter) => ctx
+      case _ => ctx.fresh.setProperty(MessageLimiter, ErrorMessageLimiter())
+
   /** Context with correct printer set for explanations */
-  private def explainCtx(seen: Seen)(implicit ctx: Context): Context = ctx.printer match {
-    case dp: ExplainingPrinter =>
-      ctx // re-use outer printer and defer explanation to it
-    case _ => ctx.fresh.setPrinterFn(ctx => new ExplainingPrinter(seen)(ctx))
-  }
+  private def explainCtx(seen: Seen)(implicit ctx: Context): Context =
+    val ectx = errorMessageCtx
+    ectx.printer match
+      case dp: ExplainingPrinter =>
+        ectx // re-use outer printer and defer explanation to it
+      case _ =>
+        ectx.fresh.setPrinterFn(ctx => new ExplainingPrinter(seen)(ctx))
 
   /** Entrypoint for explanation string interpolator:
     *
diff --git a/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/printing/MessageLimiter.scala b/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/printing/MessageLimiter.scala
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..c317d99f3b1e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/printing/MessageLimiter.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+package dotty.tools
+package dotc
+package printing
+
+import core._
+import Contexts.Context
+import util.Property
+import Texts.Text
+
+abstract class MessageLimiter:
+
+  protected def recurseLimit = 100
+  protected var recurseCount: Int = 0
+
+  def register(str: String): Unit = ()
+
+  protected def recursionLimitExceeded()(using Context): Unit = ()
+
+  final def controlled(op: => Text)(using Context): Text =
+    if recurseCount < recurseLimit then
+      try
+        recurseCount += 1
+        op
+      finally
+        recurseCount -= 1
+    else
+      recursionLimitExceeded()
+      "..."
+
+object MessageLimiter extends Property.Key[MessageLimiter]
+
+class DefaultMessageLimiter extends MessageLimiter:
+  override def recursionLimitExceeded()(using ctx: Context): Unit =
+    if ctx.debug then
+      ctx.warning("Exceeded recursion depth attempting to print.")
+      Thread.dumpStack()
+
+class SummarizeMessageLimiter(depth: Int) extends MessageLimiter:
+  override val recurseLimit = recurseCount + depth
+  override def recursionLimitExceeded()(using ctx: Context): Unit = ()
+
+class ErrorMessageLimiter extends MessageLimiter:
+  private val initialRecurseLimit = 50
+  private val sizeLimit = 10000
+
+  private var textLength: Int = 0
+
+  override def register(str: String): Unit =
+    textLength += str.length
+
+  override def recurseLimit =
+    val freeFraction: Double = ((sizeLimit - textLength) max 0).toDouble / sizeLimit
+    (initialRecurseLimit * freeFraction).toInt
+
+
diff --git a/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/printing/PlainPrinter.scala b/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/printing/PlainPrinter.scala
index 3b7d08e2525b..468358700758 100644
--- a/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/printing/PlainPrinter.scala
+++ b/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/printing/PlainPrinter.scala
@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ import typer.ImportInfo
 import Variances.varianceSign
 import util.SourcePosition
 import java.lang.Integer.toOctalString
-import config.Config.summarizeDepth
 import scala.util.control.NonFatal
 import scala.annotation.switch
 
@@ -23,24 +22,15 @@ class PlainPrinter(_ctx: Context) extends Printer {
 
   protected def maxToTextRecursions: Int = 100
 
-  protected final def controlled(op: => Text): Text =
-    if (ctx.base.toTextRecursions < maxToTextRecursions && ctx.base.toTextRecursions < maxSummarized)
-      try {
-        ctx.base.toTextRecursions += 1
-        op
-      }
-      finally
-        ctx.base.toTextRecursions -= 1
-    else {
-      if (ctx.base.toTextRecursions >= maxToTextRecursions)
-        recursionLimitExceeded()
-      "..."
-    }
+  protected final def limiter: MessageLimiter = ctx.property(MessageLimiter).get
 
-  protected def recursionLimitExceeded(): Unit = {
-    ctx.warning("Exceeded recursion depth attempting to print.")
-    if (ctx.debug) Thread.dumpStack()
-  }
+  protected def controlled(op: => Text): Text = limiter.controlled(op)
+
+  def Str(str: String, lineRange: LineRange = EmptyLineRange): Str =
+    limiter.register(str)
+    Texts.Str(str, lineRange)
+
+  given stringToText as Conversion[String, Text] = Str(_)
 
   /** If true, tweak output so it is the same before and after pickling */
   protected def homogenizedView: Boolean = ctx.settings.YtestPickler.value
@@ -112,7 +102,8 @@ class PlainPrinter(_ctx: Context) extends Printer {
   /** Pretty-print comma-separated type arguments for a constructor to be inserted among parentheses or brackets
     * (hence with `GlobalPrec` precedence).
     */
-  protected def argsText(args: List[Type]): Text = atPrec(GlobalPrec) { Text(args.map(arg => argText(arg) ), ", ") }
+  protected def argsText(args: List[Type]): Text =
+    atPrec(GlobalPrec) { Text(args.map(arg => argText(arg) ), ", ") }
 
   /** The longest sequence of refinement types, starting at given type
    *  and following parents.
@@ -573,17 +564,6 @@ class PlainPrinter(_ctx: Context) extends Printer {
       case _ => "{...}"
     s"import $exprStr.$selectorStr"
 
-  private var maxSummarized = Int.MaxValue
-
-  def summarized[T](depth: Int)(op: => T): T = {
-    val saved = maxSummarized
-    maxSummarized = ctx.base.toTextRecursions + depth
-    try op
-    finally maxSummarized = saved
-  }
-
-  def summarized[T](op: => T): T = summarized(summarizeDepth)(op)
-
   def plain: PlainPrinter = this
 
   protected def keywordStr(text: String): String = coloredStr(text, SyntaxHighlighting.KeywordColor)
diff --git a/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/printing/Printer.scala b/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/printing/Printer.scala
index 9d301a869f8d..b2aae6e8bf2a 100644
--- a/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/printing/Printer.scala
+++ b/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/printing/Printer.scala
@@ -167,11 +167,6 @@ abstract class Printer {
   def toTextGlobal(elems: Traversable[Showable], sep: String): Text =
     atPrec(GlobalPrec) { toText(elems, sep) }
 
-  /** Perform string or text-producing operation `op` so that only a
-   *  summarized text with given recursion depth is shown
-   */
-  def summarized[T](depth: Int)(op: => T): T
-
   /** A plain printer without any embellishments */
   def plain: Printer
 }
diff --git a/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/printing/RefinedPrinter.scala b/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/printing/RefinedPrinter.scala
index 3e2fe80ee3c1..4eb1a49f0bf6 100644
--- a/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/printing/RefinedPrinter.scala
+++ b/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/printing/RefinedPrinter.scala
@@ -67,8 +67,6 @@ class RefinedPrinter(_ctx: Context) extends PlainPrinter(_ctx) {
     case _ => false
   }
 
-  override protected def recursionLimitExceeded(): Unit = {}
-
   protected def PrintableFlags(isType: Boolean): FlagSet = {
     val fs =
       if (isType) TypeSourceModifierFlags | Module | Local  // DOTTY problem: cannot merge these two statements
@@ -467,7 +465,7 @@ class RefinedPrinter(_ctx: Context) extends PlainPrinter(_ctx) {
           !homogenizedView && ctx.settings.XprintInline.value) ~
         blockText(bindings :+ body)
       case tpt: untpd.DerivedTypeTree =>
-        "<derived typetree watching " ~ summarized(toText(tpt.watched)) ~ ">"
+        "<derived typetree watching " ~ tpt.watched.showSummary() ~ ">"
       case TypeTree() =>
         typeText(toText(tree.typeOpt))
       case SingletonTypeTree(ref) =>
diff --git a/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/printing/Showable.scala b/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/printing/Showable.scala
index 550d80060a15..87f98fdc1891 100644
--- a/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/printing/Showable.scala
+++ b/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/printing/Showable.scala
@@ -26,8 +26,6 @@ trait Showable extends Any {
    *  Recursion depth is limited to some smallish value. Default is
    *  Config.summarizeDepth.
    */
-  def showSummary(depth: Int)(implicit ctx: Context): String =
-    ctx.printer.summarized(depth)(show)
-
-  def showSummary(implicit ctx: Context): String = showSummary(summarizeDepth)
+  def showSummary(depth: Int = summarizeDepth)(using ctx: Context): String =
+    show(using ctx.fresh.setProperty(MessageLimiter, SummarizeMessageLimiter(depth)))
 }
diff --git a/compiler/test/dotty/tools/dotc/CompilationTests.scala b/compiler/test/dotty/tools/dotc/CompilationTests.scala
index 2b534dac7fbc..1a7530e8bb5e 100644
--- a/compiler/test/dotty/tools/dotc/CompilationTests.scala
+++ b/compiler/test/dotty/tools/dotc/CompilationTests.scala
@@ -120,6 +120,7 @@ class CompilationTests extends ParallelTesting {
       compileFilesInDir("tests/neg-custom-args/fatal-warnings", defaultOptions.and("-Xfatal-warnings")),
       compileFilesInDir("tests/neg-custom-args/erased", defaultOptions.and("-Yerased-terms")),
       compileFilesInDir("tests/neg-custom-args/allow-double-bindings", allowDoubleBindings),
+      compileFilesInDir("tests/neg-custom-args/allow-deep-subtypes", allowDeepSubtypes),
       compileFilesInDir("tests/neg-custom-args/explicit-nulls", defaultOptions.and("-Yexplicit-nulls")),
       compileDir("tests/neg-custom-args/impl-conv", defaultOptions.and("-Xfatal-warnings", "-feature")),
       compileFile("tests/neg-custom-args/implicit-conversions.scala", defaultOptions.and("-Xfatal-warnings", "-feature")),
diff --git a/tests/neg-custom-args/allow-deep-subtypes/i8464a.scala b/tests/neg-custom-args/allow-deep-subtypes/i8464a.scala
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..518cc43f8add
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/neg-custom-args/allow-deep-subtypes/i8464a.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+type Id = String
+
+enum Kind {
+    case Type
+  }
+
+  enum Term[T <: Term[T, K], K] {
+    case Wrap(t: T)
+    case Fun(id: Id, tag: K, ret: Term[T, K])
+  }
+
+  enum Type {
+    case Var(id: Id)
+  }
+
+  val tExp: Term[Type, Kind] =
+    Term.Fun("x", Kind.Type, Term.Wrap(Type.Var("x")))  // error
+
+  def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = { }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/neg/i8464.scala b/tests/neg/i8464.scala
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..a8c3947d6ffd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/neg/i8464.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+enum Term[T <: Term[T]] {
+    case Wrap(t: T)
+    case Fun(id: Id, tag: K, ret: Term[T])  // error // error
+  }
+
+  enum Type {
+    case Var(id: Id)  // error
+  }
+
+  val tExp: Term[Type, Kind] =  // error
+    Term.Fun("x", Term.Wrap(Type.Var("x"))) // error
\ No newline at end of file