diff --git a/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/reporting/diagnostic/ErrorMessageID.java b/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/reporting/diagnostic/ErrorMessageID.java
index 2d653d581e3c..e98659c1663c 100644
--- a/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/reporting/diagnostic/ErrorMessageID.java
+++ b/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/reporting/diagnostic/ErrorMessageID.java
@@ -99,6 +99,7 @@ public enum ErrorMessageID {
     MissingReturnTypeWithReturnStatementID,
     NoReturnFromInlineID,
     ReturnOutsideMethodDefinitionID,
+    UncheckedTypePatternID,
     ;
 
     public int errorNumber() {
diff --git a/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/reporting/diagnostic/messages.scala b/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/reporting/diagnostic/messages.scala
index e45c581cea1a..6da65f77d534 100644
--- a/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/reporting/diagnostic/messages.scala
+++ b/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/reporting/diagnostic/messages.scala
@@ -880,6 +880,18 @@ object messages {
            |"""
   }
 
+  case class UncheckedTypePattern(msg: String)(implicit ctx: Context)
+    extends Message(UncheckedTypePatternID) {
+    val kind = "Pattern Match Exhaustivity"
+
+    val explanation =
+      hl"""|Type arguments and type refinements are erased during compile time, thus it's
+           |impossible to check them at run-time.
+           |
+           |You can either replace the type arguments by `_` or use `@unchecked`.
+           |"""
+  }
+
   case class MatchCaseUnreachable()(implicit ctx: Context)
   extends Message(MatchCaseUnreachableID) {
     val kind = s"""Match ${hl"case"} Unreachable"""
diff --git a/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/transform/patmat/Space.scala b/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/transform/patmat/Space.scala
index da53a106edad..1e6c4d29798d 100644
--- a/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/transform/patmat/Space.scala
+++ b/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/transform/patmat/Space.scala
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import Types._
 import Contexts._
 import Flags._
 import ast.Trees._
-import ast.{tpd, untpd}
+import ast.tpd
 import Decorators._
 import Symbols._
 import StdNames._
@@ -403,21 +403,37 @@ class SpaceEngine(implicit ctx: Context) extends SpaceLogic {
       else
         Prod(pat.tpe.stripAnnots, fun.tpe.widen, fun.symbol, pats.map(project), irrefutable(fun))
     case Typed(pat @ UnApply(_, _, _), _) => project(pat)
-    case Typed(expr, _) => Typ(erase(expr.tpe.stripAnnots), true)
+    case Typed(expr, tpt) =>
+      val unchecked = expr.tpe.hasAnnotation(ctx.definitions.UncheckedAnnot)
+      def warn(msg: String): Unit = if (!unchecked) ctx.warning(UncheckedTypePattern(msg), tpt.pos)
+      Typ(erase(expr.tpe.stripAnnots)(warn), true)
     case _ =>
       debug.println(s"unknown pattern: $pat")
       Empty
   }
 
   /* Erase a type binding according to erasure semantics in pattern matching */
-  def erase(tp: Type): Type = tp match {
+  def erase(tp: Type)(implicit warn: String => Unit): Type = tp match {
     case tp @ AppliedType(tycon, args) =>
       if (tycon.isRef(defn.ArrayClass)) tp.derivedAppliedType(tycon, args.map(erase))
-      else tp.derivedAppliedType(tycon, args.map(t => WildcardType))
+      else {
+        val ignoreWarning = args.forall { p =>
+          p.typeSymbol.is(BindDefinedType) ||
+            p.hasAnnotation(defn.UncheckedAnnot) ||
+            p.isInstanceOf[TypeBounds]
+        }
+        if (!ignoreWarning)
+          warn("type arguments are not checked since they are eliminated by erasure")
+
+        tp.derivedAppliedType(tycon, args.map(t => WildcardType))
+      }
     case OrType(tp1, tp2) =>
       OrType(erase(tp1), erase(tp2))
     case AndType(tp1, tp2) =>
       AndType(erase(tp1), erase(tp2))
+    case tp: RefinedType =>
+      warn("type refinement is not checked since it is eliminated by erasure")
+      tp.derivedRefinedType(erase(tp.parent), tp.refinedName, WildcardType)
     case _ => tp
   }
 
@@ -721,12 +737,10 @@ class SpaceEngine(implicit ctx: Context) extends SpaceLogic {
   }
 
   def checkable(tree: Match): Boolean = {
-    def isCheckable(tp: Type): Boolean = tp match {
-      case AnnotatedType(tp, annot) =>
-        (ctx.definitions.UncheckedAnnot != annot.symbol) && isCheckable(tp)
-      case _ =>
-        // Possible to check everything, but be compatible with scalac by default
-        ctx.settings.YcheckAllPatmat.value ||
+    // Possible to check everything, but be compatible with scalac by default
+    def isCheckable(tp: Type): Boolean =
+        !tp.hasAnnotation(defn.UncheckedAnnot) && (
+          ctx.settings.YcheckAllPatmat.value ||
           tp.typeSymbol.is(Sealed) ||
           tp.isInstanceOf[OrType] ||
           (tp.isInstanceOf[AndType] && {
@@ -737,7 +751,7 @@ class SpaceEngine(implicit ctx: Context) extends SpaceLogic {
           tp.typeSymbol.is(Enum) ||
           canDecompose(tp) ||
           (defn.isTupleType(tp) && tp.dealias.argInfos.exists(isCheckable(_)))
-    }
+        )
 
     val Match(sel, cases) = tree
     val res = isCheckable(sel.tpe.widen.dealiasKeepAnnots)
diff --git a/tests/patmat/3144.check b/tests/patmat/3144.check
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..207dd36e1d9a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/patmat/3144.check
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+2: Pattern Match Exhaustivity
+7: Pattern Match Exhaustivity
diff --git a/tests/patmat/3144.scala b/tests/patmat/3144.scala
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..2aea42bfaaeb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/patmat/3144.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+sealed trait Foo[T]
+case class Bar[T](s: String)
+
+object Test {
+  def shouldError[T](foo: Foo[T]): String =
+    foo match {
+      case bar: Bar[T] => bar.s
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/patmat/3144b.check b/tests/patmat/3144b.check
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..d4bd280466da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/patmat/3144b.check
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+4: Pattern Match Exhaustivity
+10: Pattern Match Exhaustivity
diff --git a/tests/patmat/3144b.scala b/tests/patmat/3144b.scala
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..63445339461a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/patmat/3144b.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+class Test {
+  def f(x: Any): Int = x match {
+    case xs: List[Int] @unchecked => xs.head
+    case xs: Array[List[Int]] => 3
+    case _ => 0
+  }
+
+  def g(x: Any): Int = x match {
+    case xs: List[Int @unchecked] => xs.head
+    case xs: Array[List[Int]] => 3
+    case _ => 0
+  }
+}
diff --git a/tests/patmat/enum-HList.check b/tests/patmat/enum-HList.check
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..414335be5ea7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/patmat/enum-HList.check
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+2: Pattern Match Exhaustivity
diff --git a/tests/patmat/enum-Tree.check b/tests/patmat/enum-Tree.check
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..84053e20646d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/patmat/enum-Tree.check
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+8: Pattern Match Exhaustivity
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/patmat/t10019.check b/tests/patmat/t10019.check
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..49f5b152d1fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/patmat/t10019.check
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+2: Pattern Match Exhaustivity: (List(_, _: _*), Nil), (List(_, _: _*), List(_, _, _: _*)), (Nil, List(_, _: _*)), (List(_, _, _: _*), List(_, _: _*))
+11: Pattern Match Exhaustivity: (Foo(None), Foo(_))
diff --git a/tests/patmat/t10019.scala b/tests/patmat/t10019.scala
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..b34e453b8bab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/patmat/t10019.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+object Bug {
+  def foo[T](t1: List[T], t2: List[T]) = (t1, t2) match {
+    case (Nil, Nil) => ()
+    case (List(_), List(_)) => ()
+  }
+}
+
+object Bug2 {
+  sealed case class Foo(e: Option[Int])
+
+  def loop(s: Foo, t: Foo): Nothing = (s,t) match {
+    case (Foo(Some(_)), _) => ???
+  }
+}
diff --git a/tests/patmat/t3683.check b/tests/patmat/t3683.check
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..2d090c590d8c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/patmat/t3683.check
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+7: Pattern Match Exhaustivity
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/patmat/t3683a.check b/tests/patmat/t3683a.check
index fdcafc5961b9..c39820a1a0be 100644
--- a/tests/patmat/t3683a.check
+++ b/tests/patmat/t3683a.check
@@ -1 +1,2 @@
+8: Pattern Match Exhaustivity
 14: Pattern Match Exhaustivity: XX()