Add error code to inner doc comment attribute error

Author: GuillaumeGomez

src/librustc_error_codes/error_codes.rs

@@ -432,6 +432,7 @@ E0749: include_str!("./error_codes/E0749.md"),
 E0750: include_str!("./error_codes/E0750.md"),
 E0751: include_str!("./error_codes/E0751.md"),
 E0752: include_str!("./error_codes/E0752.md"),
+E0753: include_str!("./error_codes/E0753.md"),
 ;
 //  E0006, // merged with E0005
 //  E0008, // cannot bind by-move into a pattern guard

src/librustc_error_codes/error_codes/E0753.md

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+An inner doc comment was used in an invalid context.
+
+Erroneous code example:
+
+```compile_fail,E0753
+fn foo() {}
+//! foo
+// ^ error!
+fn main() {}
+```
+
+Inner document can only be used before items. For example:
+
+```
+//! A working comment applied to the module!
+fn foo() {
+    //! Another working comment!
+}
+fn main() {}
+```
+
+In case you want to document the item following the doc comment, you might want
+to use outer doc comment:
+
+```
+/// I am an outer doc comment
+#[doc = "I am also an outer doc comment!"]
+fn foo() {
+    // ...
+}
+```

src/librustc_parse/parser/attr.rs

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ use rustc_ast::attr;
 use rustc_ast::token::{self, Nonterminal};
 use rustc_ast::util::comments;
 use rustc_ast_pretty::pprust;
-use rustc_errors::PResult;
+use rustc_errors::{error_code, PResult};
 use rustc_span::{Span, Symbol};
 
 use log::debug;
@@ -50,10 +50,16 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
             } else if let token::DocComment(s) = self.token.kind {
                 let attr = self.mk_doc_comment(s);
                 if attr.style != ast::AttrStyle::Outer {
-                    self.struct_span_err(self.token.span, "expected outer doc comment")
+                    self.sess
+                        .span_diagnostic
+                        .struct_span_err_with_code(
+                            self.token.span,
+                            "expected outer doc comment",
+                            error_code!(E0753),
+                        )
                         .note(
                             "inner doc comments like this (starting with \
-                              `//!` or `/*!`) can only appear before items",
+                             `//!` or `/*!`) can only appear before items",
                         )
                         .emit();
                 }