Merge branch 'master' into translate/handling-events

Author: ntban15

content/authors.yml

@@ -73,6 +73,9 @@ sophiebits:
 steveluscher:
   name: Steven Luscher
   url: https://twitter.com/steveluscher
+tesseralis:
+  name: Nat Alison
+  url: https://twitter.com/tesseralis
 timer:
   name: Joe Haddad
   url: https://twitter.com/timer150

content/blog/2019-02-23-is-react-translated-yet.md

@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+---
+title: "Is React Translated Yet? ¡Sí! Sim! はい！"
+author: [tesseralis]
+---
+
+We’re excited to announce an ongoing effort to maintain official translations of the React documentation website into different languages. Thanks to the dedicated efforts of React community members from around the world, React is now being translated into *over 30* languages! You can find them on the new [Languages](/languages) page.
+
+In addition, the following three languages have completed translating most of the React Docs! 🎉
+
+* **Spanish: [es.reactjs.org](https://es.reactjs.org)**
+* **Japanese: [ja.reactjs.org](https://ja.reactjs.org)**
+* **Brazilian Portuguese: [pt-br.reactjs.org](https://pt-br.reactjs.org)**
+
+Special congratulations to [Alejandro Ñáñez Ortiz](https://github.com/alejandronanez), [Rainer Martínez Fraga](https://github.com/carburo), [David Morales](https://github.com/dmorales), [Miguel Alejandro Bolivar Portilla](https://github.com/Darking360), and all the contributors to the Spanish translation for being the first to *completely* translate the core pages of the docs!
+
+## Why Localization Matters
+
+React already has many meetups and conferences around the world, but many programmers don't use English as their primary language. We’d love to support local communities who use React by making our documentation available in most popular languages.
+
+In the past, React community members have created unofficial translations for [Chinese](https://github.com/discountry/react), [Arabic](https://wiki.hsoub.com/React), and [Korean](https://github.com/reactjs/ko.reactjs.org/issues/4); by making an official channel for these translated docs we're hoping to make them easier to find and help make sure that non-English-speaking users of React aren't left behind.
+
+## Contributing
+
+If you would like to help out on a current translation, check out the [Languages](/languages) page and click on the "Contribute" link for your language.
+
+Can't find your language? If you'd like to maintain your langauge's translation fork, follow the instructions in the [translation repo](https://github.com/reactjs/reactjs.org-translation#starting-a-new-translation)!
+
+## Backstory
+
+Hi everyone! I'm [Nat](https://twitter.com/tesseralis)! You may know me as the [polyhedra lady](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ew-UzGC8RqQ). For the past few weeks, I've been helping the React team coordinate their translation effort. Here's how I did it.
+
+Our original approach for translations was to use a SaaS platform that allows users to submit translations. There was already a [pull request](https://github.com/reactjs/reactjs.org/pull/873) to integrate it and my original responsibility was to finish that integration. However, we had concerns about the feasibility of that integration and the current quality of translations on the platform. Our primary concern was ensuring that translations kept up to date with the main repo and didn't become "stale".
+
+[Dan](https://twitter.com/dan_abramov) encouraged me to look for alternate solutions, and we stumbled across how [Vue](https://vuejs.org) maintained its translations -- through different forks of the main repo on GitHub. In particular, the [Japanese translation](https://jp.vuejs.org) used a bot to periodically check for changes in the English repo and submits pull requests whenever there is a change.
+
+This approach appealed to us for several reasons:
+
+* It was less code integration to get off the ground.
+* It encouraged active maintainers for each repo to ensure quality.
+* Contributors already understand GitHub as a platform and are motivated to contribute directly to the React organization.
+
+We started of with an initial trial period of three languages: Spanish, Japanese, and Simplified Chinese. This allowed us to work out any kinks in our process and make sure future translations are set up for success. I wanted to give the translation teams freedom to choose whatever tools they felt comfortable with. The only requirement is a [checklist](https://github.com/reactjs/reactjs.org-translation/blob/master/PROGRESS.template.md) that outlines the order of importance for translating pages. 
+
+After the trial period, we were ready to accept more languages. I created [a script](https://github.com/reactjs/reactjs.org-translation/blob/master/scripts/create.js) to automate the creation of the new language repo, and a site, [Is React Translated Yet?](https://isreacttranslatedyet.com), to track progress on the different translations. We started *10* new translations on our first day alone!
+
+Because of the automation, the rest of the maintance went mostly smoothly. We eventually created a [Slack channel](https://rt-slack-invite.herokuapp.com) to make it easier for translators to share information, and I released a guide solidifying the [responsibilities of maintainers](https://github.com/reactjs/reactjs.org-translation/blob/master/maintainer-guide.md). Allowing translators to talk with each other was a great boon -- for example, the Arabic, Persian, and Hebrew translations were able to talk to each other in order to get [right-to-left text](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right-to-left) working!
+
+## The Bot
+
+The most challenging part was getting the bot to sync changes from the English version of the site. Initially we were using the [che-tsumi](https://github.com/vuejs-jp/che-tsumi) bot created by the Japanese Vue translation team, but we soon decided to build our own bot to suit our needs. In particular, the che-tsumi bot works by [cherry picking](https://git-scm.com/docs/git-cherry-pick) new commits. This ended up causing a cavalade of new issues that were interconnected, especially when [Hooks were released](/blog/2019/02/06/react-v16.8.0.html).
+
+In the end, we decided that instead of cherry picking each commit, it made more sense to merge all new commits and create a pull request around once a day. Conflicts are merged as-is and listed in the [pull request](https://github.com/reactjs/pt-BR.reactjs.org/pull/114), leaving a checklist for maintainers to fix.
+
+Creating the [sync script](https://github.com/reactjs/reactjs.org-translation/blob/master/scripts/sync.js) was easy enough: it downloads the translated repo, adds the original as a remote, pulls from it, merges the conflicts, and creates a pull request.
+
+The problem was finding a place for the bot to run. I'm a frontend developer for a reason -- Heroku and its ilk are alien to me and *endlessly* frustrating. In fact, until this past Tuesday, I was running the script by hand on my local machine!
+
+The biggest challenge was space. Each fork of the repo is around 100MB -- which takes minutes to clone on my local machine. We have *32* forks, and the free tiers or most deployment platforms I checked limited you to 512MB of storage. 
+
+After lots of notepad calculations, I found a solution: delete each repo once we've finished the script and limit the concurrency of `sync` scripts that run at once to be within the storage requirements. Luckily, Heroku dynos have a much faster Internet connection and are able to clone even the React repo quickly.
+
+There were other smaller issues that I ran into. I tried using the [Heroku Scheduler](https://elements.heroku.com/addons/scheduler) add-on so I didn't have to write any actual `watch` code, but it end up running too inconsistently, and I [had an existential meltdown on Twitter](https://twitter.com/tesseralis/status/1097387938088796160) when I couldn't figure out how to send commits from the Heroku dyno. But in the end, this frontend engineer was able to get the bot working!
+
+There are, as always, improvements I want to make to the bot. Right now it doesn't check whether there is an outstanding pull request before pushing another one. It's still hard to tell the exact change that happened in the original source, and it's possible to miss out on a needed translation change. But I trust the maintainers we've chosen to work through these issues, and the bot is [open source](https://github.com/reactjs/reactjs.org-translation) if anyone wants to help me make these improvements!
+
+## Thanks
+
+Finally, I would like to extend my gratitude to the following people and groups:
+
+ * All the translation maintainers and contributors who are helping translate React to more than thirty languages.
+ * The [Vue.js Japan User Group](https://github.com/vuejs-jp) for initiating the idea of having bot-managed translations, and especially [Hanatani Takuma](https://github.com/potato4d) for helping us understand their approach and helping maintain the Japanese translation.
+ * [Soichiro Miki](https://github.com/smikitki) for many [contributions](https://github.com/reactjs/reactjs.org/pull/1636) and thoughtful comments on the overall translation process, as well as for maintaining the Japanese translation.
+ * [Eric Nakagawa](https://github.com/ericnakagawa) for managing our previous translation process.
+ * [Brian Vaughn](https://github.com/bvaughn) for setting up the [languages page](/languages) and managing all the subdomains.
+
+ And finally, thank you to [Dan Abramov](https://twitter.com/dan_abramov) for giving me this opportunity and being a great mentor along the way.

content/docs/accessibility.md

@@ -19,8 +19,8 @@ The [Web Content Accessibility Guidelines](https://www.w3.org/WAI/intro/wcag) pr
 The following WCAG checklists provide an overview:
 
 - [WCAG checklist from Wuhcag](https://www.wuhcag.com/wcag-checklist/)
-- [WCAG checklist from WebAIM](http://webaim.org/standards/wcag/checklist)
-- [Checklist from The A11Y Project](http://a11yproject.com/checklist.html)
+- [WCAG checklist from WebAIM](https://webaim.org/standards/wcag/checklist)
+- [Checklist from The A11Y Project](https://a11yproject.com/checklist.html)
 
 ### WAI-ARIA {#wai-aria}
 
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ Every HTML form control, such as `<input>` and `<textarea>`, needs to be labeled
 The following resources show us how to do this:
 
 - [The W3C shows us how to label elements](https://www.w3.org/WAI/tutorials/forms/labels/)
-- [WebAIM shows us how to label elements](http://webaim.org/techniques/forms/controls)
+- [WebAIM shows us how to label elements](https://webaim.org/techniques/forms/controls)
 - [The Paciello Group explains accessible names](https://www.paciellogroup.com/blog/2017/04/what-is-an-accessible-name/)
 
 Although these standard HTML practices can be directly used in React, note that the `for` attribute is written as `htmlFor` in JSX:
@@ -129,13 +129,13 @@ Although these standard HTML practices can be directly used in React, note that
 Error situations need to be understood by all users. The following link shows us how to expose error texts to screen readers as well:
 
 - [The W3C demonstrates user notifications](https://www.w3.org/WAI/tutorials/forms/notifications/)
-- [WebAIM looks at form validation](http://webaim.org/techniques/formvalidation/)
+- [WebAIM looks at form validation](https://webaim.org/techniques/formvalidation/)
 
 ## Focus Control {#focus-control}
 
 Ensure that your web application can be fully operated with the keyboard only:
 
-- [WebAIM talks about keyboard accessibility](http://webaim.org/techniques/keyboard/)
+- [WebAIM talks about keyboard accessibility](https://webaim.org/techniques/keyboard/)
 
 ### Keyboard focus and focus outline {#keyboard-focus-and-focus-outline}
 
@@ -152,13 +152,13 @@ Provide a mechanism to allow users to skip past navigation sections in your appl
 Skiplinks or Skip Navigation Links are hidden navigation links that only become visible when keyboard users interact with the page. They are very easy to implement with
 internal page anchors and some styling:
 
-- [WebAIM - Skip Navigation Links](http://webaim.org/techniques/skipnav/)
+- [WebAIM - Skip Navigation Links](https://webaim.org/techniques/skipnav/)
 
 Also use landmark elements and roles, such as `<main>` and `<aside>`, to demarcate page regions as assistive technology allow the user to quickly navigate to these sections.
 
 Read more about the use of these elements to enhance accessibility here:
 
-- [Accessible Landmarks](http://www.scottohara.me/blog/2018/03/03/landmarks.html)
+- [Accessible Landmarks](https://www.scottohara.me/blog/2018/03/03/landmarks.html)
 
 ### Programmatically managing focus {#programmatically-managing-focus}
 
@@ -387,7 +387,7 @@ These are toolboxes filled with HTML attributes that are fully supported in JSX
 Each type of widget has a specific design pattern and is expected to function in a certain way by users and user agents alike:
 
 - [WAI-ARIA Authoring Practices - Design Patterns and Widgets](https://www.w3.org/TR/wai-aria-practices/#aria_ex)
-- [Heydon Pickering - ARIA Examples](http://heydonworks.com/practical_aria_examples/)
+- [Heydon Pickering - ARIA Examples](https://heydonworks.com/practical_aria_examples/)
 - [Inclusive Components](https://inclusive-components.design/)
 
 ## Other Points for Consideration {#other-points-for-consideration}
@@ -396,7 +396,7 @@ Each type of widget has a specific design pattern and is expected to function in
 
 Indicate the human language of page texts as screen reader software uses this to select the correct voice settings:
 
-- [WebAIM - Document Language](http://webaim.org/techniques/screenreader/#language)
+- [WebAIM - Document Language](https://webaim.org/techniques/screenreader/#language)
 
 ### Setting the document title {#setting-the-document-title}
 
@@ -412,15 +412,15 @@ Ensure that all readable text on your website has sufficient color contrast to r
 
 - [WCAG - Understanding the Color Contrast Requirement](https://www.w3.org/TR/UNDERSTANDING-WCAG20/visual-audio-contrast-contrast.html)
 - [Everything About Color Contrast And Why You Should Rethink It](https://www.smashingmagazine.com/2014/10/color-contrast-tips-and-tools-for-accessibility/)
-- [A11yProject - What is Color Contrast](http://a11yproject.com/posts/what-is-color-contrast/)
+- [A11yProject - What is Color Contrast](https://a11yproject.com/posts/what-is-color-contrast/)
 
-It can be tedious to manually calculate the proper color combinations for all cases in your website so instead, you can [calculate an entire accessible color palette with Colorable](http://jxnblk.com/colorable/).
+It can be tedious to manually calculate the proper color combinations for all cases in your website so instead, you can [calculate an entire accessible color palette with Colorable](https://jxnblk.com/colorable/).
 
 Both the aXe and WAVE tools mentioned below also include color contrast tests and will report on contrast errors.
 
 If you want to extend your contrast testing abilities you can use these tools:
 
-- [WebAIM - Color Contrast Checker](http://webaim.org/resources/contrastchecker/)
+- [WebAIM - Color Contrast Checker](https://webaim.org/resources/contrastchecker/)
 - [The Paciello Group - Color Contrast Analyzer](https://www.paciellogroup.com/resources/contrastanalyser/)
 
 ## Development and Testing Tools {#development-and-testing-tools}
@@ -471,7 +471,7 @@ You can also use the [react-axe](https://github.com/dylanb/react-axe) module to
 
 #### WebAIM WAVE {#webaim-wave}
 
-The [Web Accessibility Evaluation Tool](http://wave.webaim.org/extension/) is another accessibility browser extension.
+The [Web Accessibility Evaluation Tool](https://wave.webaim.org/extension/) is another accessibility browser extension.
 
 #### Accessibility inspectors and the Accessibility Tree {#accessibility-inspectors-and-the-accessibility-tree}
 
@@ -498,7 +498,7 @@ Please note that browser / screen reader combinations matter. It is recommended
 
 Refer to the following guides on how to best use NVDA:
 
-- [WebAIM - Using NVDA to Evaluate Web Accessibility](http://webaim.org/articles/nvda/)
+- [WebAIM - Using NVDA to Evaluate Web Accessibility](https://webaim.org/articles/nvda/)
 - [Deque - NVDA Keyboard Shortcuts](https://dequeuniversity.com/screenreaders/nvda-keyboard-shortcuts)
 
 #### VoiceOver in Safari {#voiceover-in-safari}
@@ -507,26 +507,26 @@ VoiceOver is an integrated screen reader on Apple devices.
 
 Refer to the following guides on how activate and use VoiceOver:
 
-- [WebAIM - Using VoiceOver to Evaluate Web Accessibility](http://webaim.org/articles/voiceover/)
+- [WebAIM - Using VoiceOver to Evaluate Web Accessibility](https://webaim.org/articles/voiceover/)
 - [Deque - VoiceOver for OS X Keyboard Shortcuts](https://dequeuniversity.com/screenreaders/voiceover-keyboard-shortcuts)
 - [Deque - VoiceOver for iOS Shortcuts](https://dequeuniversity.com/screenreaders/voiceover-ios-shortcuts)
 
 #### JAWS in Internet Explorer {#jaws-in-internet-explorer}
 
-[Job Access With Speech](http://www.freedomscientific.com/Products/Blindness/JAWS) or JAWS, is a prolifically used screen reader on Windows.
+[Job Access With Speech](https://www.freedomscientific.com/Products/software/JAWS/) or JAWS, is a prolifically used screen reader on Windows.
 
 Refer to the following guides on how to best use JAWS:
 
-- [WebAIM - Using JAWS to Evaluate Web Accessibility](http://webaim.org/articles/jaws/)
+- [WebAIM - Using JAWS to Evaluate Web Accessibility](https://webaim.org/articles/jaws/)
 - [Deque - JAWS Keyboard Shortcuts](https://dequeuniversity.com/screenreaders/jaws-keyboard-shortcuts)
 
 ### Other Screen Readers {#other-screen-readers}
 
 #### ChromeVox in Google Chrome {#chromevox-in-google-chrome}
 
-[ChromeVox](http://www.chromevox.com/) is an integrated screen reader on Chromebooks and is available [as an extension](https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/chromevox/kgejglhpjiefppelpmljglcjbhoiplfn?hl=en) for Google Chrome.
+[ChromeVox](https://www.chromevox.com/) is an integrated screen reader on Chromebooks and is available [as an extension](https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/chromevox/kgejglhpjiefppelpmljglcjbhoiplfn?hl=en) for Google Chrome.
 
 Refer to the following guides on how best to use ChromeVox:
 
 - [Google Chromebook Help - Use the Built-in Screen Reader](https://support.google.com/chromebook/answer/7031755?hl=en)
-- [ChromeVox Classic Keyboard Shortcuts Reference](http://www.chromevox.com/keyboard_shortcuts.html)
+- [ChromeVox Classic Keyboard Shortcuts Reference](https://www.chromevox.com/keyboard_shortcuts.html)