Merge branch 'main' of https://github.com/reactjs/react.dev into sync-9aa84b19

Author: react-translations-bot

src/content/blog/2022/06/15/react-labs-what-we-have-been-working-on-june-2022.md

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ June 15, 2022 by [Andrew Clark](https://twitter.com/acdlite), [Dan Abramov](http
 
 <Intro>
 
-[React 18](https://reactjs.org/blog/2022/03/29/react-v18) was years in the making, and with it brought valuable lessons for the React team. Its release was the result of many years of research and exploring many paths. Some of those paths were successful; many more were dead-ends that led to new insights. One lesson we’ve learned is that it’s frustrating for the community to wait for new features without having insight into these paths that we’re exploring.
+[React 18](https://react.dev/blog/2022/03/29/react-v18) was years in the making, and with it brought valuable lessons for the React team. Its release was the result of many years of research and exploring many paths. Some of those paths were successful; many more were dead-ends that led to new insights. One lesson we’ve learned is that it’s frustrating for the community to wait for new features without having insight into these paths that we’re exploring.
 
 </Intro>
 

src/content/community/conferences.md

@@ -61,7 +61,6 @@ October 27th 2023. In-person in Verona, Italy and online (hybrid event)
 
 [Website](https://2023.reactjsday.it/) - [Twitter](https://twitter.com/reactjsday) - [Facebook](https://www.facebook.com/GrUSP/) - [YouTube](https://www.youtube.com/c/grusp)
 
-
 ### React Summit US 2023 {/*react-summit-us-2023*/}
 November 13 & 15, 2023. In-person in New York, US + remote first interactivity (hybrid event)
 
@@ -72,6 +71,11 @@ December 8 & 12, 2023. In-person in Berlin, Germany + remote first interactivity
 
 [Website](https://reactday.berlin) - [Twitter](https://twitter.com/reactdayberlin) - [Facebook](https://www.facebook.com/reactdayberlin/) - [Videos](https://portal.gitnation.org/events/react-day-berlin-2023)
 
+### App.js Conf 2024 {/*appjs-conf-2024*/}
+May 22 - 24, 2024. In-person in Kraków, Poland + remote
+
+[Website](https://appjs.co) - [Twitter](https://twitter.com/appjsconf)
+
 ### Render(ATL) 2024 🍑 {/*renderatl-2024-*/}
 June 12 - June 14, 2024. Atlanta, GA, USA
 

src/content/learn/referencing-values-with-refs.md

@@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ You also don't need to worry about [avoiding mutation](/learn/updating-objects-i
 
 ## Refs and the DOM {/*refs-and-the-dom*/}
 
-You can point a ref to any value. However, the most common use case for a ref is to access a DOM element. For example, this is handy if you want to focus an input programmatically. When you pass a ref to a `ref` attribute in JSX, like `<div ref={myRef}>`, React will put the corresponding DOM element into `myRef.current`. You can read more about this in [Manipulating the DOM with Refs.](/learn/manipulating-the-dom-with-refs)
+You can point a ref to any value. However, the most common use case for a ref is to access a DOM element. For example, this is handy if you want to focus an input programmatically. When you pass a ref to a `ref` attribute in JSX, like `<div ref={myRef}>`, React will put the corresponding DOM element into `myRef.current`. Once the element is removed from the DOM, React will update `myRef.current` to be `null`. You can read more about this in [Manipulating the DOM with Refs.](/learn/manipulating-the-dom-with-refs)
 
 <Recap>
 

src/content/learn/rendering-lists.md

@@ -1086,7 +1086,7 @@ Here, `<Recipe {...recipe} key={recipe.id} />` is a syntax shortcut saying "pass
 
 #### List with a separator {/*list-with-a-separator*/}
 
-This example renders a famous haiku by Katsushika Hokusai, with each line wrapped in a `<p>` tag. Your job is to insert an `<hr />` separator between each paragraph. Your resulting structure should look like this:
+This example renders a famous haiku by Tachibana Hokushi, with each line wrapped in a `<p>` tag. Your job is to insert an `<hr />` separator between each paragraph. Your resulting structure should look like this:
 
 ```js
 <article>

src/content/learn/start-a-new-react-project.md

@@ -21,12 +21,12 @@ If you want to build a new app or a new website fully with React, we recommend p
 **[Next.js](https://nextjs.org/) is a full-stack React framework.** It's versatile and lets you create React apps of any size--from a mostly static blog to a complex dynamic application. To create a new Next.js project, run in your terminal:
 
 <TerminalBlock>
-npx create-next-app
+npx create-next-app@latest
 </TerminalBlock>
 
 If you're new to Next.js, check out the [Next.js tutorial.](https://nextjs.org/learn/foundations/about-nextjs)
 
-Next.js is maintained by [Vercel](https://vercel.com/). You can [deploy a Next.js app](https://nextjs.org/docs/deployment) to any Node.js or serverless hosting, or to your own server. [Fully static Next.js apps](https://nextjs.org/docs/advanced-features/static-html-export) can be deployed to any static hosting.
+Next.js is maintained by [Vercel](https://vercel.com/). You can [deploy a Next.js app](https://nextjs.org/docs/app/building-your-application/deploying) to any Node.js or serverless hosting, or to your own server. Next.js also supports a [static export](https://nextjs.org/docs/pages/building-your-application/deploying/static-exports) which doesn't require a server.
 
 ### Remix {/*remix*/}
 
@@ -89,14 +89,9 @@ These features are getting closer to being production-ready every day, and we've
 
 ### Next.js (App Router) {/*nextjs-app-router*/}
 
-**[Next.js's App Router](https://beta.nextjs.org/docs/getting-started) is a redesign of the Next.js APIs aiming to fulfill the React team’s full-stack architecture vision.** It lets you fetch data in asynchronous components that run on the server or even during the build.
+**[Next.js's App Router](https://nextjs.org/docs) is a redesign of the Next.js APIs aiming to fulfill the React team’s full-stack architecture vision.** It lets you fetch data in asynchronous components that run on the server or even during the build.
 
-Next.js is maintained by [Vercel](https://vercel.com/). You can [deploy a Next.js app](https://nextjs.org/docs/deployment) to any Node.js or serverless hosting, or to your own server. Next.js also supports [static export](https://beta.nextjs.org/docs/configuring/static-export) which doesn't require a server.
-<Pitfall>
-
-Next.js's App Router is **currently in beta and is not yet recommended for production** (as of Mar 2023). To experiment with it in an existing Next.js project, [follow this incremental migration guide](https://beta.nextjs.org/docs/upgrade-guide#migrating-from-pages-to-app).
-
-</Pitfall>
+Next.js is maintained by [Vercel](https://vercel.com/). You can [deploy a Next.js app](https://nextjs.org/docs/app/building-your-application/deploying) to any Node.js or serverless hosting, or to your own server. Next.js also supports [static export](https://nextjs.org/docs/app/building-your-application/deploying/static-exports) which doesn't require a server.
 
 <DeepDive>
 

src/content/learn/tutorial-tic-tac-toe.md

@@ -2073,7 +2073,13 @@ export default function Game() {
 }
 ```
 
-You can see what your code should look like below. Note that you should see an error in the developer tools console that says: ``Warning: Each child in an array or iterator should have a unique "key" prop. Check the render method of `Game`.`` You'll fix this error in the next section.
+You can see what your code should look like below. Note that you should see an error in the developer tools console that says: 
+
+<ConsoleBlock level="warning">
+Warning: Each child in an array or iterator should have a unique "key" prop. Check the render method of &#96;Game&#96;.
+</ConsoleBlock>
+  
+You'll fix this error in the next section.
 
 <Sandpack>
 

src/content/reference/react-dom/server/renderToPipeableStream.md

@@ -288,6 +288,7 @@ Streaming does not need to wait for React itself to load in the browser, or for
 
 - Data fetching with Suspense-enabled frameworks like [Relay](https://relay.dev/docs/guided-tour/rendering/loading-states/) and [Next.js](https://nextjs.org/docs/getting-started/react-essentials)
 - Lazy-loading component code with [`lazy`](/reference/react/lazy)
+- Reading the value of a Promise with [`use`](/reference/react/use)
 
 Suspense **does not** detect when data is fetched inside an Effect or event handler.
 

src/content/reference/react-dom/server/renderToReadableStream.md

@@ -287,6 +287,7 @@ Streaming does not need to wait for React itself to load in the browser, or for
 
 - Data fetching with Suspense-enabled frameworks like [Relay](https://relay.dev/docs/guided-tour/rendering/loading-states/) and [Next.js](https://nextjs.org/docs/getting-started/react-essentials)
 - Lazy-loading component code with [`lazy`](/reference/react/lazy)
+- Reading the value of a Promise with [`use`](/reference/react/use)
 
 Suspense **does not** detect when data is fetched inside an Effect or event handler.
 

src/content/reference/react/Profiler.md

@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ function onRender(id, phase, actualDuration, baseDuration, startTime, commitTime
 * `actualDuration`: The number of milliseconds spent rendering the `<Profiler>` and its descendants for the current update. This indicates how well the subtree makes use of memoization (e.g. [`memo`](/reference/react/memo) and [`useMemo`](/reference/react/useMemo)). Ideally this value should decrease significantly after the initial mount as many of the descendants will only need to re-render if their specific props change.
 * `baseDuration`: The number of milliseconds estimating how much time it would take to re-render the entire `<Profiler>` subtree without any optimizations. It is calculated by summing up the most recent render durations of each component in the tree. This value estimates a worst-case cost of rendering (e.g. the initial mount or a tree with no memoization). Compare `actualDuration` against it to see if memoization is working.
 * `startTime`: A numeric timestamp for when React began rendering the current update.
-* `endTime`: A numeric timestamp for when React committed the current update. This value is shared between all profilers in a commit, enabling them to be grouped if desirable.
+* `commitTime`: A numeric timestamp for when React committed the current update. This value is shared between all profilers in a commit, enabling them to be grouped if desirable.
 
 ---
 

src/content/reference/react/Suspense.md

@@ -254,6 +254,7 @@ async function getAlbums() {
 
 - Data fetching with Suspense-enabled frameworks like [Relay](https://relay.dev/docs/guided-tour/rendering/loading-states/) and [Next.js](https://nextjs.org/docs/getting-started/react-essentials)
 - Lazy-loading component code with [`lazy`](/reference/react/lazy)
+- Reading the value of a Promise with [`use`](/reference/react/use)
 
 Suspense **does not** detect when data is fetched inside an Effect or event handler.
 

src/content/reference/react/cache.md

@@ -414,7 +414,7 @@ See prior mentioned pitfalls
 
 If none of the above apply, it may be a problem with how React checks if something exists in cache.
 
-If your arguments are not [primatives](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Glossary/Primitive) (ex. objects, functions, arrays), ensure you're passing the same object reference.
+If your arguments are not [primitives](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Glossary/Primitive) (ex. objects, functions, arrays), ensure you're passing the same object reference.
 
 When calling a memoized function, React will look up the input arguments to see if a result is already cached. React will use shallow equality of the arguments to determine if there is a cache hit.
 

src/content/reference/react/experimental_taintObjectReference.md

@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+---
+title: experimental_taintObjectReference
+---
+
+<Wip>
+
+**This API is experimental and is not available in a stable version of React yet.**
+
+You can try it by upgrading React packages to the most recent experimental version:
+
+- `react@experimental`
+- `react-dom@experimental`
+- `eslint-plugin-react-hooks@experimental`
+
+Experimental versions of React may contain bugs. Don't use them in production.
+
+This API is only available inside React Server Components.
+
+</Wip>
+
+
+<Intro>
+
+`taintObjectReference` lets you prevent a specific object instance from being passed to a Client Component like a `user` object.
+
+```js
+experimental_taintObjectReference(message, object);
+```
+
+To prevent passing a key, hash or token, see [`taintUniqueValue`](/reference/react/experimental_taintUniqueValue).
+
+</Intro>
+
+<InlineToc />
+
+---
+
+## Reference {/*reference*/}
+
+### `taintObjectReference(message, object)` {/*taintobjectreference*/}
+
+Call `taintObjectReference` with an object to register it with React as something that should not be allowed to be passed to the Client as is:
+
+```js
+import {experimental_taintObjectReference} from 'react';
+
+experimental_taintObjectReference(
+  'Do not pass ALL environment variables to the client.',
+  process.env
+);
+```
+
+[See more examples below.](#usage)
+
+#### Parameters {/*parameters*/}
+
+* `message`: The message you want to display if the object gets passed to a Client Component. This message will be displayed as a part of the Error that will be thrown if the object gets passed to a Client Component.
+
+* `object`: The object to be tainted. Functions and class instances can be passed to `taintObjectReference` as `object`. Functions and classes are already blocked from being passed to Client Components but the React's default error message will be replaced by what you defined in `message`. When a specific instance of a Typed Array is passed to `taintObjectReference` as `object`, any other copies of the Typed Array will not be tainted.
+
+#### Returns {/*returns*/}
+
+`experimental_taintObjectReference` returns `undefined`.
+
+#### Caveats {/*caveats*/}
+
+- Recreating or cloning a tainted object creates a new untained object which main contain sensetive data. For example, if you have a tainted `user` object, `const userInfo = {name: user.name, ssn: user.ssn}` or `{...user}` will create new objects which are not tainted. `taintObjectReference` only protects against simple mistakes when the object is passed through to a Client Component unchanged.
+
+<Pitfall>
+
+**Do not rely on just tainting for security.** Tainting an object doesn't prevent leaking of every possible derived value. For example, the clone of a tainted object will create a new untained object. Using data from a tainted object (e.g. `{secret: taintedObj.secret}`) will create a new value or object that is not tainted. Tainting is a layer of protection, a secure app will have multiple layers of protection, well designed APIs, and isolation patterns. 
+
+</Pitfall>
+
+---
+
+## Usage {/*usage*/}
+
+### Prevent user data from unintentionally reaching the client {/*prevent-user-data-from-unintentionally-reaching-the-client*/}
+
+A Client Component should never accept objects that carry sensitive data. Ideally, the data fetching functions should not expose data that the current user should not have access to. Sometimes mistakes happen during refactoring. To protect against this mistakes happening down the line we can "taint" the user object in our data API.
+
+```js
+import {experimental_taintObjectReference} from 'react';
+
+export async function getUser(id) {
+  const user = await db`SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = ${id}`;
+  experimental_taintObjectReference(
+    'Do not pass the entire user object to the client. ' +
+      'Instead, pick off the specific properties you need for this use case.',
+    user,
+  );
+  return user;
+}
+```
+
+Now whenever anyone tries to pass this object to a Client Component, an error will be thrown with the passed in error message instead.
+
+<DeepDive>
+
+#### Protecting against leaks in data fetching {/*protecting-against-leaks-in-data-fetching*/}
+
+If you're running a Server Components environment that has access to sensitive data, you have to be careful not to pass objects straight through:
+
+```js
+// api.js
+export async function getUser(id) {
+  const user = await db`SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = ${id}`;
+  return user;
+}
+```
+
+```js
+import { getUser } from 'api.js';
+import { InfoCard } from 'components.js';
+
+export async function Profile(props) {
+  const user = await getUser(props.userId);
+  // DO NOT DO THIS
+  return <InfoCard user={user} />;
+}
+```
+
+```js
+// components.js
+"use client";
+
+export async function InfoCard({ user }) {
+  return <div>{user.name}</div>;
+}
+```
+
+Ideally, the `getUser` should not expose data that the current user should not have access to. To prevent passing the `user` object to a Client Component down the line we can "taint" the user object:
+
+
+```js
+// api.js
+import {experimental_taintObjectReference} from 'react';
+
+export async function getUser(id) {
+  const user = await db`SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = ${id}`;
+  experimental_taintObjectReference(
+    'Do not pass the entire user object to the client. ' +
+      'Instead, pick off the specific properties you need for this use case.',
+    user,
+  );
+  return user;
+}
+```
+
+Now if anyone tries to pass the `user` object to a Client Component, an error will be thrown with the passed in error message.
+
+</DeepDive>