diff --git a/Lib/multiprocessing/connection.py b/Lib/multiprocessing/connection.py
index 8caddd204d7c98..abd88adf76e700 100644
--- a/Lib/multiprocessing/connection.py
+++ b/Lib/multiprocessing/connection.py
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ def arbitrary_address(family):
     if family == 'AF_INET':
         return ('localhost', 0)
     elif family == 'AF_UNIX':
-        return tempfile.mktemp(prefix='listener-', dir=util.get_temp_dir())
+        return tempfile.mktemp(prefix='sock-', dir=util.get_temp_dir())
     elif family == 'AF_PIPE':
         return tempfile.mktemp(prefix=r'\\.\pipe\pyc-%d-%d-' %
                                (os.getpid(), next(_mmap_counter)), dir="")
diff --git a/Lib/multiprocessing/util.py b/Lib/multiprocessing/util.py
index 75dde02d88c533..e7e48c65f7a4be 100644
--- a/Lib/multiprocessing/util.py
+++ b/Lib/multiprocessing/util.py
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@
 DEBUG = 10
 INFO = 20
 SUBWARNING = 25
+WARNING = 30
 
 LOGGER_NAME = 'multiprocessing'
 DEFAULT_LOGGING_FORMAT = '[%(levelname)s/%(processName)s] %(message)s'
@@ -53,6 +54,10 @@ def info(msg, *args):
     if _logger:
         _logger.log(INFO, msg, *args, stacklevel=2)
 
+def _warn(msg, *args):
+    if _logger:
+        _logger.log(WARNING, msg, *args, stacklevel=2)
+
 def sub_warning(msg, *args):
     if _logger:
         _logger.log(SUBWARNING, msg, *args, stacklevel=2)
@@ -121,6 +126,21 @@ def is_abstract_socket_namespace(address):
 # Function returning a temp directory which will be removed on exit
 #
 
+# Maximum length of a socket file path is usually between 92 and 108 [1],
+# but Linux is known to use a size of 108 [2]. BSD-based systems usually
+# use a size of 104 or 108 and Windows does not create AF_UNIX sockets.
+#
+# [1]: https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9799919799/basedefs/sys_un.h.html
+# [2]: https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man7/unix.7.html.
+
+if sys.platform == 'linux':
+    _SUN_PATH_MAX = 108
+elif sys.platform.startswith(('openbsd', 'freebsd')):
+    _SUN_PATH_MAX = 104
+else:
+    # On Windows platforms, we do not create AF_UNIX sockets.
+    _SUN_PATH_MAX = None if os.name == 'nt' else 92
+
 def _remove_temp_dir(rmtree, tempdir):
     rmtree(tempdir)
 
@@ -130,12 +150,67 @@ def _remove_temp_dir(rmtree, tempdir):
     if current_process is not None:
         current_process._config['tempdir'] = None
 
+def _get_base_temp_dir(tempfile):
+    """Get a temporary directory where socket files will be created.
+
+    To prevent additional imports, pass a pre-imported 'tempfile' module.
+    """
+    if os.name == 'nt':
+        return None
+    # Most of the time, the default temporary directory is /tmp. Thus,
+    # listener sockets files "$TMPDIR/pymp-XXXXXXXX/sock-XXXXXXXX" do
+    # not have a path length exceeding SUN_PATH_MAX.
+    #
+    # If users specify their own temporary directory, we may be unable
+    # to create those files. Therefore, we fall back to the system-wide
+    # temporary directory /tmp, assumed to exist on POSIX systems.
+    #
+    # See https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/132124.
+    base_tempdir = tempfile.gettempdir()
+    # Files created in a temporary directory are suffixed by a string
+    # generated by tempfile._RandomNameSequence, which, by design,
+    # is 8 characters long.
+    #
+    # Thus, the length of socket filename will be:
+    #
+    #   len(base_tempdir + '/pymp-XXXXXXXX' + '/sock-XXXXXXXX')
+    sun_path_len = len(base_tempdir) + 14 + 14
+    if sun_path_len <= _SUN_PATH_MAX:
+        return base_tempdir
+    # Fallback to the default system-wide temporary directory.
+    # This ignores user-defined environment variables.
+    #
+    # On POSIX systems, /tmp MUST be writable by any application [1].
+    # We however emit a warning if this is not the case to prevent
+    # obscure errors later in the execution.
+    #
+    # On some legacy systems, /var/tmp and /usr/tmp can be present
+    # and will be used instead.
+    #
+    # [1]: https://refspecs.linuxfoundation.org/FHS_3.0/fhs/ch03s18.html
+    dirlist = ['/tmp', '/var/tmp', '/usr/tmp']
+    try:
+        base_system_tempdir = tempfile._get_default_tempdir(dirlist)
+    except FileNotFoundError:
+        _warn("Process-wide temporary directory %s will not be usable for "
+              "creating socket files and no usable system-wide temporary "
+              "directory was found in %s", base_tempdir, dirlist)
+        # At this point, the system-wide temporary directory is not usable
+        # but we may assume that the user-defined one is, even if we will
+        # not be able to write socket files out there.
+        return base_tempdir
+    _warn("Ignoring user-defined temporary directory: %s", base_tempdir)
+    # at most max(map(len, dirlist)) + 14 + 14 = 36 characters
+    assert len(base_system_tempdir) + 14 + 14 <= _SUN_PATH_MAX
+    return base_system_tempdir
+
 def get_temp_dir():
     # get name of a temp directory which will be automatically cleaned up
     tempdir = process.current_process()._config.get('tempdir')
     if tempdir is None:
         import shutil, tempfile
-        tempdir = tempfile.mkdtemp(prefix='pymp-')
+        base_tempdir = _get_base_temp_dir(tempfile)
+        tempdir = tempfile.mkdtemp(prefix='pymp-', dir=base_tempdir)
         info('created temp directory %s', tempdir)
         # keep a strong reference to shutil.rmtree(), since the finalizer
         # can be called late during Python shutdown
diff --git a/Lib/tempfile.py b/Lib/tempfile.py
index 67aa13f494d27d..8036e93cd6d775 100644
--- a/Lib/tempfile.py
+++ b/Lib/tempfile.py
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ def _candidate_tempdir_list():
 
     return dirlist
 
-def _get_default_tempdir():
+def _get_default_tempdir(dirlist=None):
     """Calculate the default directory to use for temporary files.
     This routine should be called exactly once.
 
@@ -190,7 +190,8 @@ def _get_default_tempdir():
     service, the name of the test file must be randomized."""
 
     namer = _RandomNameSequence()
-    dirlist = _candidate_tempdir_list()
+    if dirlist is None:
+        dirlist = _candidate_tempdir_list()
 
     for dir in dirlist:
         if dir != _os.curdir:
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2025-05-16-12-40-37.gh-issue-132124.T_5Odx.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2025-05-16-12-40-37.gh-issue-132124.T_5Odx.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..2a72d306d6fc4b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2025-05-16-12-40-37.gh-issue-132124.T_5Odx.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+On POSIX-compliant systems, :func:`!multiprocessing.util.get_temp_dir` now
+ignores :envvar:`TMPDIR` (and similar environment variables) if the path
+length of ``AF_UNIX`` socket files exceeds the platform-specific maximum
+length when using the *forkserver* start method. Patch by Bénédikt Tran.