diff --git a/doc/source/whatsnew/v3.0.0.rst b/doc/source/whatsnew/v3.0.0.rst
index be4b9c218f9f5..94baebd1f62c0 100644
--- a/doc/source/whatsnew/v3.0.0.rst
+++ b/doc/source/whatsnew/v3.0.0.rst
@@ -500,6 +500,7 @@ Datetimelike
 - Bug in :meth:`DatetimeIndex.is_year_start` and :meth:`DatetimeIndex.is_quarter_start` does not raise on Custom business days frequencies bigger then "1C" (:issue:`58664`)
 - Bug in :meth:`DatetimeIndex.is_year_start` and :meth:`DatetimeIndex.is_quarter_start` returning ``False`` on double-digit frequencies (:issue:`58523`)
 - Bug in :meth:`DatetimeIndex.union` when ``unit`` was non-nanosecond (:issue:`59036`)
+- Bug in :meth:`Series.dt.microsecond` producing incorrect results for pyarrow backed :class:`Series`. (:issue:`59154`)
 - Bug in setting scalar values with mismatched resolution into arrays with non-nanosecond ``datetime64``, ``timedelta64`` or :class:`DatetimeTZDtype` incorrectly truncating those scalars (:issue:`56410`)
 
 Timedelta
diff --git a/pandas/core/arrays/arrow/array.py b/pandas/core/arrays/arrow/array.py
index 4ff7553af2b69..943656ba48432 100644
--- a/pandas/core/arrays/arrow/array.py
+++ b/pandas/core/arrays/arrow/array.py
@@ -2794,7 +2794,10 @@ def _dt_days_in_month(self) -> Self:
 
     @property
     def _dt_microsecond(self) -> Self:
-        return type(self)(pc.microsecond(self._pa_array))
+        # GH 59154
+        us = pc.microsecond(self._pa_array)
+        ms_to_us = pc.multiply(pc.millisecond(self._pa_array), 1000)
+        return type(self)(pc.add(us, ms_to_us))
 
     @property
     def _dt_minute(self) -> Self:
diff --git a/pandas/tests/extension/test_arrow.py b/pandas/tests/extension/test_arrow.py
index f2e9d2321f33e..4fad5e45409b9 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/extension/test_arrow.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/extension/test_arrow.py
@@ -2437,13 +2437,13 @@ def test_unsupported_dt(data):
         ["hour", 3],
         ["minute", 4],
         ["is_leap_year", False],
-        ["microsecond", 5],
+        ["microsecond", 2000],
         ["month", 1],
         ["nanosecond", 6],
         ["quarter", 1],
         ["second", 7],
         ["date", date(2023, 1, 2)],
-        ["time", time(3, 4, 7, 5)],
+        ["time", time(3, 4, 7, 2000)],
     ],
 )
 def test_dt_properties(prop, expected):
@@ -2456,7 +2456,7 @@ def test_dt_properties(prop, expected):
                 hour=3,
                 minute=4,
                 second=7,
-                microsecond=5,
+                microsecond=2000,
                 nanosecond=6,
             ),
             None,
@@ -2473,6 +2473,28 @@ def test_dt_properties(prop, expected):
     tm.assert_series_equal(result, expected)
 
 
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("microsecond", [2000, 5, 0])
+def test_dt_microsecond(microsecond):
+    # GH 59183
+    ser = pd.Series(
+        [
+            pd.Timestamp(
+                year=2024,
+                month=7,
+                day=7,
+                second=5,
+                microsecond=microsecond,
+                nanosecond=6,
+            ),
+            None,
+        ],
+        dtype=ArrowDtype(pa.timestamp("ns")),
+    )
+    result = ser.dt.microsecond
+    expected = pd.Series([microsecond, None], dtype="int64[pyarrow]")
+    tm.assert_series_equal(result, expected)
+
+
 def test_dt_is_month_start_end():
     ser = pd.Series(
         [