diff --git a/doc/source/whatsnew/v3.0.0.rst b/doc/source/whatsnew/v3.0.0.rst
index 915b7744302c0..b9f2152761766 100644
--- a/doc/source/whatsnew/v3.0.0.rst
+++ b/doc/source/whatsnew/v3.0.0.rst
@@ -129,6 +129,7 @@ Removal of prior version deprecations/changes
 - Removed deprecated argument ``obj`` in :meth:`.DataFrameGroupBy.get_group` and :meth:`.SeriesGroupBy.get_group` (:issue:`53545`)
 - Removed deprecated behavior of :meth:`Series.agg` using :meth:`Series.apply` (:issue:`53325`)
 - Removed support for ``errors="ignore"`` in :func:`to_datetime`, :func:`to_timedelta` and :func:`to_numeric` (:issue:`55734`)
+- Removed support for ``slice`` in :meth:`DataFrame.take` (:issue:`51539`)
 - Removed the ``ArrayManager`` (:issue:`55043`)
 - Removed the ``fastpath`` argument from the :class:`Series` constructor (:issue:`55466`)
 - Removed the ``is_boolean``, ``is_integer``, ``is_floating``, ``holds_integer``, ``is_numeric``, ``is_categorical``, ``is_object``, and ``is_interval`` attributes of :class:`Index` (:issue:`50042`)
diff --git a/pandas/core/generic.py b/pandas/core/generic.py
index afdbf157a04fa..dfdb919a0035c 100644
--- a/pandas/core/generic.py
+++ b/pandas/core/generic.py
@@ -3851,28 +3851,14 @@ class  max_speed
 
         nv.validate_take((), kwargs)
 
-        if not isinstance(indices, slice):
-            indices = np.asarray(indices, dtype=np.intp)
-            if axis == 0 and indices.ndim == 1 and is_range_indexer(indices, len(self)):
-                return self.copy(deep=False)
-        elif self.ndim == 1:
+        if isinstance(indices, slice):
             raise TypeError(
                 f"{type(self).__name__}.take requires a sequence of integers, "
                 "not slice."
             )
-        else:
-            warnings.warn(
-                # GH#51539
-                f"Passing a slice to {type(self).__name__}.take is deprecated "
-                "and will raise in a future version. Use `obj[slicer]` or pass "
-                "a sequence of integers instead.",
-                FutureWarning,
-                stacklevel=find_stack_level(),
-            )
-            # We can get here with a slice via DataFrame.__getitem__
-            indices = np.arange(
-                indices.start, indices.stop, indices.step, dtype=np.intp
-            )
+        indices = np.asarray(indices, dtype=np.intp)
+        if axis == 0 and indices.ndim == 1 and is_range_indexer(indices, len(self)):
+            return self.copy(deep=False)
 
         new_data = self._mgr.take(
             indices,
diff --git a/pandas/tests/frame/indexing/test_take.py b/pandas/tests/frame/indexing/test_take.py
index 8c17231440917..56a7bfd003083 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/frame/indexing/test_take.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/frame/indexing/test_take.py
@@ -4,14 +4,14 @@
 
 
 class TestDataFrameTake:
-    def test_take_slices_deprecated(self, float_frame):
+    def test_take_slices_not_supported(self, float_frame):
         # GH#51539
         df = float_frame
 
         slc = slice(0, 4, 1)
-        with tm.assert_produces_warning(FutureWarning):
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match="slice"):
             df.take(slc, axis=0)
-        with tm.assert_produces_warning(FutureWarning):
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match="slice"):
             df.take(slc, axis=1)
 
     def test_take(self, float_frame):