diff --git a/doc/source/whatsnew/v2.1.2.rst b/doc/source/whatsnew/v2.1.2.rst
index 090df1489e493..9c81956d14d77 100644
--- a/doc/source/whatsnew/v2.1.2.rst
+++ b/doc/source/whatsnew/v2.1.2.rst
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ Fixed regressions
 Bug fixes
 ~~~~~~~~~
 - Fixed bug in :meth:`DataFrame.idxmin` and :meth:`DataFrame.idxmax` raising for arrow dtypes (:issue:`55368`)
+- Fixed bug in :meth:`Index.insert` raising when inserting ``None`` into :class:`Index` with ``dtype="string[pyarrow_numpy]"`` (:issue:`55365`)
 -
 
 .. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/pandas/core/arrays/string_arrow.py b/pandas/core/arrays/string_arrow.py
index 0b8d3d6b13f60..7e200dc8af374 100644
--- a/pandas/core/arrays/string_arrow.py
+++ b/pandas/core/arrays/string_arrow.py
@@ -579,3 +579,8 @@ def _reduce(
             )
         else:
             return super()._reduce(name, skipna=skipna, keepdims=keepdims, **kwargs)
+
+    def insert(self, loc: int, item) -> ArrowStringArrayNumpySemantics:
+        if item is np.nan:
+            item = libmissing.NA
+        return super().insert(loc, item)  # type: ignore[return-value]
diff --git a/pandas/tests/indexes/base_class/test_reshape.py b/pandas/tests/indexes/base_class/test_reshape.py
index 5ecb2c753644d..6586f5f9de480 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/indexes/base_class/test_reshape.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/indexes/base_class/test_reshape.py
@@ -54,6 +54,14 @@ def test_insert_datetime_into_object(self, loc, val):
         tm.assert_index_equal(result, expected)
         assert type(expected[2]) is type(val)
 
+    def test_insert_none_into_string_numpy(self):
+        # GH#55365
+        pytest.importorskip("pyarrow")
+        index = Index(["a", "b", "c"], dtype="string[pyarrow_numpy]")
+        result = index.insert(-1, None)
+        expected = Index(["a", "b", None, "c"], dtype="string[pyarrow_numpy]")
+        tm.assert_index_equal(result, expected)
+
     @pytest.mark.parametrize(
         "pos,expected",
         [