From a61a0d081c4ff809ea3da0f6c88bc45865b7ff60 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: luke <2736230899@qq.com>
Date: Fri, 23 Dec 2022 16:37:49 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 1/8] a demo for confirm

---
 doc/source/reference/testing.rst |  1 +
 pandas/_libs/reduction.pyx       |  5 +++--
 pandas/core/resample.py          | 17 +++++++----------
 pandas/errors/__init__.py        |  9 +++++++++
 4 files changed, 20 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)

diff --git a/doc/source/reference/testing.rst b/doc/source/reference/testing.rst
index 07624e87d82e0..633450507e62c 100644
--- a/doc/source/reference/testing.rst
+++ b/doc/source/reference/testing.rst
@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ Exceptions and warnings
    errors.LossySetitemError
    errors.MergeError
    errors.NoBufferPresent
+   errors.NotObjectError
    errors.NullFrequencyError
    errors.NumbaUtilError
    errors.NumExprClobberingError
diff --git a/pandas/_libs/reduction.pyx b/pandas/_libs/reduction.pyx
index 7ff0842678d7f..abbf5d38ade2e 100644
--- a/pandas/_libs/reduction.pyx
+++ b/pandas/_libs/reduction.pyx
@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ cnp.import_array()
 
 from pandas._libs.util cimport is_array
 
+from pandas.errors import NotObjectError
+
 
 cdef cnp.dtype _dtype_obj = np.dtype("object")
 
@@ -18,8 +20,7 @@ cpdef check_result_array(object obj, object dtype):
         if dtype != _dtype_obj:
             # If it is object dtype, the function can be a reduction/aggregation
             #  and still return an ndarray e.g. test_agg_over_numpy_arrays
-            raise ValueError("Must produce aggregated value")
-
+            raise NotObjectError("Must produce aggregated value")
 
 cpdef inline extract_result(object res):
     """ extract the result object, it might be a 0-dim ndarray
diff --git a/pandas/core/resample.py b/pandas/core/resample.py
index 555b47f5e2304..58b48e25981aa 100644
--- a/pandas/core/resample.py
+++ b/pandas/core/resample.py
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@
 from pandas.errors import (
     AbstractMethodError,
     DataError,
+    NotObjectError,
 )
 from pandas.util._decorators import (
     Appender,
@@ -459,18 +460,14 @@ def _groupby_and_aggregate(self, how, *args, **kwargs):
             #  on Series, raising AttributeError or KeyError
             #  (depending on whether the column lookup uses getattr/__getitem__)
             result = grouped.apply(how, *args, **kwargs)
+        except NotObjectError:
+            # we have a non-reducing function; try to evaluate
 
-        except ValueError as err:
-            if "Must produce aggregated value" in str(err):
-                # raised in _aggregate_named
-                # see test_apply_without_aggregation, test_apply_with_mutated_index
-                pass
-            else:
-                raise
-
-            # we have a non-reducing function
-            # try to evaluate
+            # raised in _aggregate_named
+            # see test_apply_without_aggregation, test_apply_with_mutated_index
             result = grouped.apply(how, *args, **kwargs)
+        except ValueError:
+            raise
 
         return self._wrap_result(result)
 
diff --git a/pandas/errors/__init__.py b/pandas/errors/__init__.py
index 89ac1c10254cb..696f6fbc0e065 100644
--- a/pandas/errors/__init__.py
+++ b/pandas/errors/__init__.py
@@ -555,6 +555,14 @@ class InvalidComparison(Exception):
     """
 
 
+class NotObjectError(ValueError):
+    """
+    Exception is raised by check_result_array to indicate not object dtype.
+
+    Instead of raising a ValueError("Must produce aggregated value").
+    """
+
+
 __all__ = [
     "AbstractMethodError",
     "AccessorRegistrationWarning",
@@ -577,6 +585,7 @@ class InvalidComparison(Exception):
     "LossySetitemError",
     "MergeError",
     "NoBufferPresent",
+    "NotObjectError",
     "NullFrequencyError",
     "NumbaUtilError",
     "NumExprClobberingError",

From d45d4b911d0a87b9f43e5a755f6fdd16100041ca Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: luke <2736230899@qq.com>
Date: Sat, 24 Dec 2022 19:46:42 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 2/8] fix core/dtypes/cast.py

---
 doc/source/reference/testing.rst               |  1 +
 pandas/core/arrays/datetimes.py                |  6 ++----
 pandas/core/dtypes/cast.py                     | 18 ++++++++++--------
 pandas/errors/__init__.py                      | 10 ++++++++++
 .../indexes/datetimes/test_constructors.py     |  7 ++-----
 5 files changed, 25 insertions(+), 17 deletions(-)

diff --git a/doc/source/reference/testing.rst b/doc/source/reference/testing.rst
index 633450507e62c..4aab7ce8053ea 100644
--- a/doc/source/reference/testing.rst
+++ b/doc/source/reference/testing.rst
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ Exceptions and warnings
    errors.SettingWithCopyError
    errors.SettingWithCopyWarning
    errors.SpecificationError
+   errors.SupplyTzDetypeError
    errors.UndefinedVariableError
    errors.UnsortedIndexError
    errors.UnsupportedFunctionCall
diff --git a/pandas/core/arrays/datetimes.py b/pandas/core/arrays/datetimes.py
index 0162f54bf5225..1897d2b91d995 100644
--- a/pandas/core/arrays/datetimes.py
+++ b/pandas/core/arrays/datetimes.py
@@ -53,6 +53,7 @@
 from pandas.errors import (
     OutOfBoundsDatetime,
     PerformanceWarning,
+    SupplyTzDetypeError,
 )
 from pandas.util._exceptions import find_stack_level
 from pandas.util._validators import validate_inclusive
@@ -2381,10 +2382,7 @@ def _validate_tz_from_dtype(
             # We also need to check for the case where the user passed a
             #  tz-naive dtype (i.e. datetime64[ns])
             if tz is not None and not timezones.tz_compare(tz, dtz):
-                raise ValueError(
-                    "cannot supply both a tz and a "
-                    "timezone-naive dtype (i.e. datetime64[ns])"
-                )
+                raise SupplyTzDetypeError
 
     return tz
 
diff --git a/pandas/core/dtypes/cast.py b/pandas/core/dtypes/cast.py
index f3ce104aa4a3e..22e9e27f12010 100644
--- a/pandas/core/dtypes/cast.py
+++ b/pandas/core/dtypes/cast.py
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@
 from pandas.errors import (
     IntCastingNaNError,
     LossySetitemError,
+    SupplyTzDetypeError,
 )
 
 from pandas.core.dtypes.common import (
@@ -1177,14 +1178,15 @@ def maybe_cast_to_datetime(
     else:
         try:
             dta = DatetimeArray._from_sequence(value, dtype=dtype)
-        except ValueError as err:
-            # We can give a Series-specific exception message.
-            if "cannot supply both a tz and a timezone-naive dtype" in str(err):
-                raise ValueError(
-                    "Cannot convert timezone-aware data to "
-                    "timezone-naive dtype. Use "
-                    "pd.Series(values).dt.tz_localize(None) instead."
-                ) from err
+
+        except SupplyTzDetypeError as err:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Cannot convert timezone-aware data to "
+                "timezone-naive dtype. Use "
+                "pd.Series(values).dt.tz_localize(None) instead."
+            ) from err
+
+        except ValueError:
             raise
 
         return dta
diff --git a/pandas/errors/__init__.py b/pandas/errors/__init__.py
index 696f6fbc0e065..2c3bbf31fb5f7 100644
--- a/pandas/errors/__init__.py
+++ b/pandas/errors/__init__.py
@@ -563,6 +563,15 @@ class NotObjectError(ValueError):
     """
 
 
+class SupplyTzDetypeError(ValueError):
+    """
+    Exception is raised by _validate_tz_from_dtype.
+
+    Instead of ValueError("cannot supply both a tz and a timezone-naive dtype
+                            (i.e. datetime64[ns])").
+    """
+
+
 __all__ = [
     "AbstractMethodError",
     "AccessorRegistrationWarning",
@@ -602,6 +611,7 @@ class NotObjectError(ValueError):
     "SettingWithCopyError",
     "SettingWithCopyWarning",
     "SpecificationError",
+    "SupplyTzDetypeError",
     "UndefinedVariableError",
     "UnsortedIndexError",
     "UnsupportedFunctionCall",
diff --git a/pandas/tests/indexes/datetimes/test_constructors.py b/pandas/tests/indexes/datetimes/test_constructors.py
index 246de06a04de2..a904e6945e026 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/indexes/datetimes/test_constructors.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/indexes/datetimes/test_constructors.py
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
     astype_overflowsafe,
 )
 from pandas.compat import PY39
+from pandas.errors import SupplyTzDetypeError
 
 import pandas as pd
 from pandas import (
@@ -713,11 +714,7 @@ def test_constructor_dtype_tz_mismatch_raises(self):
             ["2013-01-01", "2013-01-02"], dtype="datetime64[ns, US/Eastern]"
         )
 
-        msg = (
-            "cannot supply both a tz and a timezone-naive dtype "
-            r"\(i\.e\. datetime64\[ns\]\)"
-        )
-        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+        with pytest.raises(SupplyTzDetypeError, match=None):
             DatetimeIndex(idx, dtype="datetime64[ns]")
 
         # this is effectively trying to convert tz's

From 9c7e88ddddb39222356e92ec3127dcb0d01930d0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: luke <2736230899@qq.com>
Date: Sat, 24 Dec 2022 19:52:03 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 3/8] more fix core/dtypes/cast.py

---
 pandas/core/arrays/datetimes.py                     | 4 +++-
 pandas/tests/indexes/datetimes/test_constructors.py | 3 ++-
 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pandas/core/arrays/datetimes.py b/pandas/core/arrays/datetimes.py
index 1897d2b91d995..bebb875e42828 100644
--- a/pandas/core/arrays/datetimes.py
+++ b/pandas/core/arrays/datetimes.py
@@ -2382,7 +2382,9 @@ def _validate_tz_from_dtype(
             # We also need to check for the case where the user passed a
             #  tz-naive dtype (i.e. datetime64[ns])
             if tz is not None and not timezones.tz_compare(tz, dtz):
-                raise SupplyTzDetypeError
+                raise SupplyTzDetypeError(
+                    "cannot supply both a tz and a timezone-naive dtype"
+                )
 
     return tz
 
diff --git a/pandas/tests/indexes/datetimes/test_constructors.py b/pandas/tests/indexes/datetimes/test_constructors.py
index a904e6945e026..c5eb3e19786cc 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/indexes/datetimes/test_constructors.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/indexes/datetimes/test_constructors.py
@@ -714,7 +714,8 @@ def test_constructor_dtype_tz_mismatch_raises(self):
             ["2013-01-01", "2013-01-02"], dtype="datetime64[ns, US/Eastern]"
         )
 
-        with pytest.raises(SupplyTzDetypeError, match=None):
+        msg = "cannot supply both a tz and a timezone-naive dtype"
+        with pytest.raises(SupplyTzDetypeError, match=msg):
             DatetimeIndex(idx, dtype="datetime64[ns]")
 
         # this is effectively trying to convert tz's

From 2ae08fffea26d7411f019303acb5d454c9f94c7a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: luke <2736230899@qq.com>
Date: Sun, 25 Dec 2022 10:32:37 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 4/8] fix core/dtypes/missing.py

---
 doc/source/reference/testing.rst           | 1 +
 pandas/_libs/missing.pyx                   | 4 +++-
 pandas/core/dtypes/missing.py              | 7 ++++---
 pandas/errors/__init__.py                  | 9 +++++++++
 pandas/tests/frame/methods/test_compare.py | 3 ++-
 pandas/tests/groupby/test_any_all.py       | 4 +++-
 pandas/tests/scalar/test_na_scalar.py      | 5 +++--
 7 files changed, 25 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/doc/source/reference/testing.rst b/doc/source/reference/testing.rst
index 4aab7ce8053ea..77b951288ffde 100644
--- a/doc/source/reference/testing.rst
+++ b/doc/source/reference/testing.rst
@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ Exceptions and warnings
    errors.IntCastingNaNError
    errors.LossySetitemError
    errors.MergeError
+   errors.NATypeError
    errors.NoBufferPresent
    errors.NotObjectError
    errors.NullFrequencyError
diff --git a/pandas/_libs/missing.pyx b/pandas/_libs/missing.pyx
index a3b0451381ad2..7bb8c2ce611a2 100644
--- a/pandas/_libs/missing.pyx
+++ b/pandas/_libs/missing.pyx
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ from sys import maxsize
 
 cimport cython
 from cython cimport Py_ssize_t
+
 import numpy as np
 
 cimport numpy as cnp
@@ -30,6 +31,7 @@ from pandas._libs.tslibs.np_datetime cimport (
 )
 
 from pandas._libs.ops_dispatch import maybe_dispatch_ufunc_to_dunder_op
+from pandas.errors import NATypeError
 
 cdef:
     float64_t INF = <float64_t>np.inf
@@ -410,7 +412,7 @@ class NAType(C_NAType):
             return self.__repr__()
 
     def __bool__(self):
-        raise TypeError("boolean value of NA is ambiguous")
+        raise NATypeError("boolean value of NA is ambiguous")
 
     def __hash__(self):
         # GH 30013: Ensure hash is large enough to avoid hash collisions with integers
diff --git a/pandas/core/dtypes/missing.py b/pandas/core/dtypes/missing.py
index 000b5ebbdd2f7..15db8cee92e49 100644
--- a/pandas/core/dtypes/missing.py
+++ b/pandas/core/dtypes/missing.py
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
     NaT,
     iNaT,
 )
+from pandas.errors import NATypeError
 
 from pandas.core.dtypes.common import (
     DT64NS_DTYPE,
@@ -580,9 +581,9 @@ def _array_equivalent_object(left: np.ndarray, right: np.ndarray, strict_nan: bo
             try:
                 if np.any(np.asarray(left_value != right_value)):
                     return False
-            except TypeError as err:
-                if "boolean value of NA is ambiguous" in str(err):
-                    return False
+            except NATypeError:
+                return False
+            except TypeError:
                 raise
     return True
 
diff --git a/pandas/errors/__init__.py b/pandas/errors/__init__.py
index 2c3bbf31fb5f7..b5249f090027f 100644
--- a/pandas/errors/__init__.py
+++ b/pandas/errors/__init__.py
@@ -572,6 +572,14 @@ class SupplyTzDetypeError(ValueError):
     """
 
 
+class NATypeError(TypeError):
+    """
+    Exception is raised by NAType.__bool__().
+
+    Instead of TypeError("boolean value of NA is ambiguous").
+    """
+
+
 __all__ = [
     "AbstractMethodError",
     "AccessorRegistrationWarning",
@@ -593,6 +601,7 @@ class SupplyTzDetypeError(ValueError):
     "IndexingError",
     "LossySetitemError",
     "MergeError",
+    "NATypeError",
     "NoBufferPresent",
     "NotObjectError",
     "NullFrequencyError",
diff --git a/pandas/tests/frame/methods/test_compare.py b/pandas/tests/frame/methods/test_compare.py
index 455acde1af684..592beef710106 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/frame/methods/test_compare.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/frame/methods/test_compare.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 import pytest
 
 from pandas.compat import is_numpy_dev
+from pandas.errors import NATypeError
 
 import pandas as pd
 import pandas._testing as tm
@@ -261,7 +262,7 @@ def test_compare_ea_and_np_dtype(val1, val2):
     )
     if val1 is pd.NA and is_numpy_dev:
         # can't compare with numpy array if it contains pd.NA
-        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match="boolean value of NA is ambiguous"):
+        with pytest.raises(NATypeError, match="boolean value of NA is ambiguous"):
             result = df1.compare(df2, keep_shape=True)
     else:
         result = df1.compare(df2, keep_shape=True)
diff --git a/pandas/tests/groupby/test_any_all.py b/pandas/tests/groupby/test_any_all.py
index e49238a9e6656..15a3042a976da 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/groupby/test_any_all.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/groupby/test_any_all.py
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@
 import numpy as np
 import pytest
 
+from pandas.errors import NATypeError
+
 import pandas as pd
 from pandas import (
     DataFrame,
@@ -175,7 +177,7 @@ def test_object_type_missing_vals(bool_agg_func, data, expected_res, frame_or_se
 def test_object_NA_raises_with_skipna_false(bool_agg_func):
     # GH#37501
     ser = Series([pd.NA], dtype=object)
-    with pytest.raises(TypeError, match="boolean value of NA is ambiguous"):
+    with pytest.raises(NATypeError, match="boolean value of NA is ambiguous"):
         ser.groupby([1]).agg(bool_agg_func, skipna=False)
 
 
diff --git a/pandas/tests/scalar/test_na_scalar.py b/pandas/tests/scalar/test_na_scalar.py
index a77316cbc0ea6..61108f0a4388e 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/scalar/test_na_scalar.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/scalar/test_na_scalar.py
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 import pytest
 
 from pandas._libs.missing import NA
+from pandas.errors import NATypeError
 
 from pandas.core.dtypes.common import is_scalar
 
@@ -36,10 +37,10 @@ def test_format():
 def test_truthiness():
     msg = "boolean value of NA is ambiguous"
 
-    with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+    with pytest.raises(NATypeError, match=msg):
         bool(NA)
 
-    with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+    with pytest.raises(NATypeError, match=msg):
         not NA
 
 

From d1c6bcc9eade23789b1b4e8e3803ba45f8019099 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: luke <2736230899@qq.com>
Date: Sun, 25 Dec 2022 10:48:37 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 5/8] fix core/groupby/generic.py

---
 doc/source/reference/testing.rst           |  1 +
 pandas/core/groupby/generic.py             | 13 +++++++------
 pandas/core/reshape/concat.py              |  3 ++-
 pandas/errors/__init__.py                  |  9 +++++++++
 pandas/tests/reshape/concat/test_concat.py |  3 ++-
 5 files changed, 21 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/doc/source/reference/testing.rst b/doc/source/reference/testing.rst
index 77b951288ffde..fd2002d461c19 100644
--- a/doc/source/reference/testing.rst
+++ b/doc/source/reference/testing.rst
@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@ Exceptions and warnings
    errors.MergeError
    errors.NATypeError
    errors.NoBufferPresent
+   errors.NoObjectConcatenateError
    errors.NotObjectError
    errors.NullFrequencyError
    errors.NumbaUtilError
diff --git a/pandas/core/groupby/generic.py b/pandas/core/groupby/generic.py
index 955f65585963d..cb08374cb14ba 100644
--- a/pandas/core/groupby/generic.py
+++ b/pandas/core/groupby/generic.py
@@ -44,7 +44,10 @@
     SingleManager,
     TakeIndexer,
 )
-from pandas.errors import SpecificationError
+from pandas.errors import (
+    NoObjectConcatenateError,
+    SpecificationError,
+)
 from pandas.util._decorators import (
     Appender,
     Substitution,
@@ -1178,12 +1181,10 @@ def aggregate(self, func=None, *args, engine=None, engine_kwargs=None, **kwargs)
                 gba = GroupByApply(self, [func], args=(), kwargs={})
                 try:
                     result = gba.agg()
-
-                except ValueError as err:
-                    if "No objects to concatenate" not in str(err):
-                        raise
+                except NoObjectConcatenateError:
                     result = self._aggregate_frame(func)
-
+                except ValueError:
+                    raise
                 else:
                     sobj = self._selected_obj
 
diff --git a/pandas/core/reshape/concat.py b/pandas/core/reshape/concat.py
index aced5a73a1f02..c4bfd18f9eb81 100644
--- a/pandas/core/reshape/concat.py
+++ b/pandas/core/reshape/concat.py
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
     AxisInt,
     HashableT,
 )
+from pandas.errors import NoObjectConcatenateError
 from pandas.util._decorators import cache_readonly
 
 from pandas.core.dtypes.concat import concat_compat
@@ -420,7 +421,7 @@ def __init__(
             objs = list(objs)
 
         if len(objs) == 0:
-            raise ValueError("No objects to concatenate")
+            raise NoObjectConcatenateError("No objects to concatenate")
 
         if keys is None:
             objs = list(com.not_none(*objs))
diff --git a/pandas/errors/__init__.py b/pandas/errors/__init__.py
index b5249f090027f..f8eb05278eea5 100644
--- a/pandas/errors/__init__.py
+++ b/pandas/errors/__init__.py
@@ -580,6 +580,14 @@ class NATypeError(TypeError):
     """
 
 
+class NoObjectConcatenateError(ValueError):
+    """
+    Exception is raised by _Concatenator.__init__().
+
+    Instead of ValueError("No objects to concatenate").
+    """
+
+
 __all__ = [
     "AbstractMethodError",
     "AccessorRegistrationWarning",
@@ -603,6 +611,7 @@ class NATypeError(TypeError):
     "MergeError",
     "NATypeError",
     "NoBufferPresent",
+    "NoObjectConcatenateError",
     "NotObjectError",
     "NullFrequencyError",
     "NumbaUtilError",
diff --git a/pandas/tests/reshape/concat/test_concat.py b/pandas/tests/reshape/concat/test_concat.py
index ea526c95f20e0..2007dc54221c4 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/reshape/concat/test_concat.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/reshape/concat/test_concat.py
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 
 from pandas.errors import (
     InvalidIndexError,
+    NoObjectConcatenateError,
     PerformanceWarning,
 )
 import pandas.util._test_decorators as td
@@ -364,7 +365,7 @@ def test_concat_single_with_key(self):
         tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected[:10])
 
     def test_concat_no_items_raises(self):
-        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="No objects to concatenate"):
+        with pytest.raises(NoObjectConcatenateError, match="No objects to concatenate"):
             concat([])
 
     def test_concat_exclude_none(self):

From 00dbee267e49ece2ae55998332669a7d254773ac Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: luke <2736230899@qq.com>
Date: Sun, 25 Dec 2022 11:35:24 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 6/8] fix core/frame.py

---
 doc/source/reference/testing.rst           |  1 +
 pandas/core/frame.py                       | 13 ++++++++-----
 pandas/core/series.py                      |  7 +++++--
 pandas/errors/__init__.py                  | 11 +++++++++++
 pandas/tests/frame/methods/test_dot.py     |  6 ++++--
 pandas/tests/series/methods/test_matmul.py |  6 ++++--
 6 files changed, 33 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)

diff --git a/doc/source/reference/testing.rst b/doc/source/reference/testing.rst
index fd2002d461c19..d2a0201e19a36 100644
--- a/doc/source/reference/testing.rst
+++ b/doc/source/reference/testing.rst
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ Exceptions and warnings
    errors.CSSWarning
    errors.DatabaseError
    errors.DataError
+   errors.DotMismatchShapeError
    errors.DtypeWarning
    errors.DuplicateLabelError
    errors.EmptyDataError
diff --git a/pandas/core/frame.py b/pandas/core/frame.py
index 21b3a0c033702..21f8942d70eaf 100644
--- a/pandas/core/frame.py
+++ b/pandas/core/frame.py
@@ -92,7 +92,10 @@
     function as nv,
     np_percentile_argname,
 )
-from pandas.errors import InvalidIndexError
+from pandas.errors import (
+    DotMismatchShapeError,
+    InvalidIndexError,
+)
 from pandas.util._decorators import (
     Appender,
     Substitution,
@@ -1570,7 +1573,7 @@ def dot(self, other: AnyArrayLike | DataFrame) -> DataFrame | Series:
             lvals = self.values
             rvals = np.asarray(other)
             if lvals.shape[1] != rvals.shape[0]:
-                raise ValueError(
+                raise DotMismatchShapeError(
                     f"Dot product shape mismatch, {lvals.shape} vs {rvals.shape}"
                 )
 
@@ -1609,12 +1612,12 @@ def __rmatmul__(self, other) -> DataFrame:
         """
         try:
             return self.T.dot(np.transpose(other)).T
-        except ValueError as err:
-            if "shape mismatch" not in str(err):
-                raise
+        except DotMismatchShapeError as err:
             # GH#21581 give exception message for original shapes
             msg = f"shapes {np.shape(other)} and {self.shape} not aligned"
             raise ValueError(msg) from err
+        except ValueError:
+            raise
 
     # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     # IO methods (to / from other formats)
diff --git a/pandas/core/series.py b/pandas/core/series.py
index 1bdf92e1dcf02..b824602c27bb4 100644
--- a/pandas/core/series.py
+++ b/pandas/core/series.py
@@ -62,7 +62,10 @@
     npt,
 )
 from pandas.compat.numpy import function as nv
-from pandas.errors import InvalidIndexError
+from pandas.errors import (
+    DotMismatchShapeError,
+    InvalidIndexError,
+)
 from pandas.util._decorators import (
     Appender,
     Substitution,
@@ -2881,7 +2884,7 @@ def dot(self, other: AnyArrayLike) -> Series | np.ndarray:
             lvals = self.values
             rvals = np.asarray(other)
             if lvals.shape[0] != rvals.shape[0]:
-                raise Exception(
+                raise DotMismatchShapeError(
                     f"Dot product shape mismatch, {lvals.shape} vs {rvals.shape}"
                 )
 
diff --git a/pandas/errors/__init__.py b/pandas/errors/__init__.py
index f8eb05278eea5..775c1668f5542 100644
--- a/pandas/errors/__init__.py
+++ b/pandas/errors/__init__.py
@@ -588,6 +588,16 @@ class NoObjectConcatenateError(ValueError):
     """
 
 
+class DotMismatchShapeError(ValueError):
+    """
+        Exception is raised by dot().
+
+        Instead of ValueError(f"Dot product shape mismatch,
+                                {lvals.shape} vs {rvals.shape}")
+    .
+    """
+
+
 __all__ = [
     "AbstractMethodError",
     "AccessorRegistrationWarning",
@@ -597,6 +607,7 @@ class NoObjectConcatenateError(ValueError):
     "CSSWarning",
     "DatabaseError",
     "DataError",
+    "DotMismatchShapeError",
     "DtypeWarning",
     "DuplicateLabelError",
     "EmptyDataError",
diff --git a/pandas/tests/frame/methods/test_dot.py b/pandas/tests/frame/methods/test_dot.py
index 555e5f0e26eaf..721200a54db1e 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/frame/methods/test_dot.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/frame/methods/test_dot.py
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 import numpy as np
 import pytest
 
+from pandas.errors import DotMismatchShapeError
+
 from pandas import (
     DataFrame,
     Series,
@@ -70,8 +72,8 @@ def test_dot_aligns(self, obj, other, expected):
 
     def test_dot_shape_mismatch(self, obj):
         msg = "Dot product shape mismatch"
-        # exception raised is of type Exception
-        with pytest.raises(Exception, match=msg):
+        # exception raised is of DotMismatchShapeError
+        with pytest.raises(DotMismatchShapeError, match=msg):
             obj.dot(obj.values[:3])
 
     def test_dot_misaligned(self, obj, other):
diff --git a/pandas/tests/series/methods/test_matmul.py b/pandas/tests/series/methods/test_matmul.py
index b944395bff29f..21eb49de290df 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/series/methods/test_matmul.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/series/methods/test_matmul.py
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@
 import numpy as np
 import pytest
 
+from pandas.errors import DotMismatchShapeError
+
 from pandas import (
     DataFrame,
     Series,
@@ -70,8 +72,8 @@ def test_matmul(self):
         tm.assert_series_equal(result, expected)
 
         msg = r"Dot product shape mismatch, \(4,\) vs \(3,\)"
-        # exception raised is of type Exception
-        with pytest.raises(Exception, match=msg):
+        # exception raised is of DotMismatchShapeError
+        with pytest.raises(DotMismatchShapeError, match=msg):
             a.dot(a.values[:3])
         msg = "matrices are not aligned"
         with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):

From c5d874f6c273dc7bfbb894c5ed3db3456bcf2d2e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: luke <2736230899@qq.com>
Date: Sun, 25 Dec 2022 12:35:57 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 7/8] fix core/apply.py

---
 doc/source/reference/testing.rst        |  1 +
 pandas/core/apply.py                    | 22 ++++++++++++----------
 pandas/core/internals/construction.py   |  3 ++-
 pandas/errors/__init__.py               | 16 ++++++++++++----
 pandas/tests/frame/test_constructors.py |  9 +++++++--
 5 files changed, 34 insertions(+), 17 deletions(-)

diff --git a/doc/source/reference/testing.rst b/doc/source/reference/testing.rst
index d2a0201e19a36..b3ac87f57bbfc 100644
--- a/doc/source/reference/testing.rst
+++ b/doc/source/reference/testing.rst
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ Exceptions and warnings
    errors.CSSWarning
    errors.DatabaseError
    errors.DataError
+   errors.DiffArrayLengthError
    errors.DotMismatchShapeError
    errors.DtypeWarning
    errors.DuplicateLabelError
diff --git a/pandas/core/apply.py b/pandas/core/apply.py
index 722de91ba5246..8fd0b6de21248 100644
--- a/pandas/core/apply.py
+++ b/pandas/core/apply.py
@@ -33,7 +33,10 @@
     NDFrameT,
     npt,
 )
-from pandas.errors import SpecificationError
+from pandas.errors import (
+    DiffArrayLengthError,
+    SpecificationError,
+)
 from pandas.util._decorators import cache_readonly
 
 from pandas.core.dtypes.cast import is_nested_object
@@ -864,15 +867,14 @@ def wrap_results_for_axis(
 
         try:
             result = self.obj._constructor(data=results)
-        except ValueError as err:
-            if "All arrays must be of the same length" in str(err):
-                # e.g. result = [[2, 3], [1.5], ['foo', 'bar']]
-                #  see test_agg_listlike_result GH#29587
-                res = self.obj._constructor_sliced(results)
-                res.index = res_index
-                return res
-            else:
-                raise
+        except DiffArrayLengthError:
+            # e.g. result = [[2, 3], [1.5], ['foo', 'bar']]
+            #  see test_agg_listlike_result GH#29587
+            res = self.obj._constructor_sliced(results)
+            res.index = res_index
+            return res
+        except ValueError:
+            raise
 
         if not isinstance(results[0], ABCSeries):
             if len(result.index) == len(self.res_columns):
diff --git a/pandas/core/internals/construction.py b/pandas/core/internals/construction.py
index 9bdfd7991689b..a9993971c5c04 100644
--- a/pandas/core/internals/construction.py
+++ b/pandas/core/internals/construction.py
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
     Manager,
     npt,
 )
+from pandas.errors import DiffArrayLengthError
 
 from pandas.core.dtypes.cast import (
     construct_1d_arraylike_from_scalar,
@@ -623,7 +624,7 @@ def _extract_index(data) -> Index:
     if have_raw_arrays:
         lengths = list(set(raw_lengths))
         if len(lengths) > 1:
-            raise ValueError("All arrays must be of the same length")
+            raise DiffArrayLengthError("All arrays must be of the same length")
 
         if have_dicts:
             raise ValueError(
diff --git a/pandas/errors/__init__.py b/pandas/errors/__init__.py
index 775c1668f5542..d1a48c4410f99 100644
--- a/pandas/errors/__init__.py
+++ b/pandas/errors/__init__.py
@@ -590,11 +590,18 @@ class NoObjectConcatenateError(ValueError):
 
 class DotMismatchShapeError(ValueError):
     """
-        Exception is raised by dot().
+    Exception is raised by dot().
 
-        Instead of ValueError(f"Dot product shape mismatch,
-                                {lvals.shape} vs {rvals.shape}")
-    .
+    Instead of ValueError(f"Dot product shape mismatch,
+                            {lvals.shape} vs {rvals.shape}").
+    """
+
+
+class DiffArrayLengthError(ValueError):
+    """
+    Exception is raised by _extract_index().
+
+    Instead of ValueError("All arrays must be of the same length").
     """
 
 
@@ -607,6 +614,7 @@ class DotMismatchShapeError(ValueError):
     "CSSWarning",
     "DatabaseError",
     "DataError",
+    "DiffArrayLengthError",
     "DotMismatchShapeError",
     "DtypeWarning",
     "DuplicateLabelError",
diff --git a/pandas/tests/frame/test_constructors.py b/pandas/tests/frame/test_constructors.py
index 25f82eb7ff4b3..485a9b7b00914 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/frame/test_constructors.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/frame/test_constructors.py
@@ -18,7 +18,10 @@
 import pytest
 import pytz
 
-from pandas.errors import IntCastingNaNError
+from pandas.errors import (
+    DiffArrayLengthError,
+    IntCastingNaNError,
+)
 import pandas.util._test_decorators as td
 
 from pandas.core.dtypes.common import is_integer_dtype
@@ -1482,7 +1485,9 @@ class CustomDict(dict):
 
     def test_constructor_ragged(self):
         data = {"A": np.random.randn(10), "B": np.random.randn(8)}
-        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="All arrays must be of the same length"):
+        with pytest.raises(
+            DiffArrayLengthError, match="All arrays must be of the same length"
+        ):
             DataFrame(data)
 
     def test_constructor_scalar(self):

From 09c4ece51245859aa7d02616fa874240f36f4201 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: luke <2736230899@qq.com>
Date: Sun, 25 Dec 2022 13:01:01 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 8/8] fix core/indexes/base.py

---
 doc/source/reference/testing.rst         |  2 ++
 pandas/core/construction.py              | 10 ++++++++--
 pandas/core/indexes/base.py              | 12 +++++++-----
 pandas/errors/__init__.py                | 18 ++++++++++++++++++
 pandas/tests/indexing/test_indexing.py   | 14 +++++++++++---
 pandas/tests/series/test_constructors.py |  7 +++++--
 6 files changed, 51 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)

diff --git a/doc/source/reference/testing.rst b/doc/source/reference/testing.rst
index b3ac87f57bbfc..be996540cf0ec 100644
--- a/doc/source/reference/testing.rst
+++ b/doc/source/reference/testing.rst
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ Exceptions and warnings
    errors.CSSWarning
    errors.DatabaseError
    errors.DataError
+   errors.DataOneDimensionalError
    errors.DiffArrayLengthError
    errors.DotMismatchShapeError
    errors.DtypeWarning
@@ -39,6 +40,7 @@ Exceptions and warnings
    errors.EmptyDataError
    errors.IncompatibilityWarning
    errors.IndexingError
+   errors.IndexSpecifiedError
    errors.InvalidColumnName
    errors.InvalidComparison
    errors.InvalidIndexError
diff --git a/pandas/core/construction.py b/pandas/core/construction.py
index 5a80fdb6d9e0e..70cee7bf8b069 100644
--- a/pandas/core/construction.py
+++ b/pandas/core/construction.py
@@ -27,6 +27,10 @@
     DtypeObj,
     T,
 )
+from pandas.errors import (
+    DataOneDimensionalError,
+    IndexSpecifiedError,
+)
 
 from pandas.core.dtypes.base import (
     ExtensionDtype,
@@ -540,7 +544,9 @@ def sanitize_array(
 
     if not is_list_like(data):
         if index is None:
-            raise ValueError("index must be specified when data is not list-like")
+            raise IndexSpecifiedError(
+                "index must be specified when data is not list-like"
+            )
         data = construct_1d_arraylike_from_scalar(data, len(index), dtype)
         return data
 
@@ -666,7 +672,7 @@ def _sanitize_ndim(
         if isinstance(data, np.ndarray):
             if allow_2d:
                 return result
-            raise ValueError("Data must be 1-dimensional")
+            raise DataOneDimensionalError("Data must be 1-dimensional")
         if is_object_dtype(dtype) and isinstance(dtype, ExtensionDtype):
             # i.e. PandasDtype("O")
 
diff --git a/pandas/core/indexes/base.py b/pandas/core/indexes/base.py
index 1938dc6d5c7b4..63c4d34c0a54c 100644
--- a/pandas/core/indexes/base.py
+++ b/pandas/core/indexes/base.py
@@ -60,7 +60,9 @@
 )
 from pandas.compat.numpy import function as nv
 from pandas.errors import (
+    DataOneDimensionalError,
     DuplicateLabelError,
+    IndexSpecifiedError,
     InvalidIndexError,
 )
 from pandas.util._decorators import (
@@ -500,11 +502,11 @@ def __new__(
 
         try:
             arr = sanitize_array(data, None, dtype=dtype, copy=copy)
-        except ValueError as err:
-            if "index must be specified when data is not list-like" in str(err):
-                raise cls._raise_scalar_data_error(data) from err
-            if "Data must be 1-dimensional" in str(err):
-                raise ValueError("Index data must be 1-dimensional") from err
+        except IndexSpecifiedError as err:
+            raise cls._raise_scalar_data_error(data) from err
+        except DataOneDimensionalError as err:
+            raise ValueError("Index data must be 1-dimensional") from err
+        except ValueError:
             raise
         arr = ensure_wrapped_if_datetimelike(arr)
 
diff --git a/pandas/errors/__init__.py b/pandas/errors/__init__.py
index d1a48c4410f99..4d319deaf3dae 100644
--- a/pandas/errors/__init__.py
+++ b/pandas/errors/__init__.py
@@ -605,6 +605,22 @@ class DiffArrayLengthError(ValueError):
     """
 
 
+class IndexSpecifiedError(ValueError):
+    """
+    Exception is raised by sanitize_array().
+
+    Instead of ValueError("Index must be specified when using an array as input").
+    """
+
+
+class DataOneDimensionalError(ValueError):
+    """
+    Exception is raised by _sanitize_ndim().
+
+    Instead of ValueError("Data must be 1-dimensional").
+    """
+
+
 __all__ = [
     "AbstractMethodError",
     "AccessorRegistrationWarning",
@@ -614,12 +630,14 @@ class DiffArrayLengthError(ValueError):
     "CSSWarning",
     "DatabaseError",
     "DataError",
+    "DataOneDimensionalError",
     "DiffArrayLengthError",
     "DotMismatchShapeError",
     "DtypeWarning",
     "DuplicateLabelError",
     "EmptyDataError",
     "IncompatibilityWarning",
+    "IndexSpecifiedError",
     "IntCastingNaNError",
     "InvalidColumnName",
     "InvalidComparison",
diff --git a/pandas/tests/indexing/test_indexing.py b/pandas/tests/indexing/test_indexing.py
index 35da972dd1a81..673a77dd6a21c 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/indexing/test_indexing.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/indexing/test_indexing.py
@@ -8,7 +8,10 @@
 import numpy as np
 import pytest
 
-from pandas.errors import IndexingError
+from pandas.errors import (
+    DataOneDimensionalError,
+    IndexingError,
+)
 
 from pandas.core.dtypes.common import (
     is_float_dtype,
@@ -110,7 +113,12 @@ def test_getitem_ndarray_3d(
 
         msg = "|".join(msgs)
 
-        potential_errors = (IndexError, ValueError, NotImplementedError)
+        potential_errors = (
+            IndexError,
+            ValueError,
+            NotImplementedError,
+            DataOneDimensionalError,
+        )
         with pytest.raises(potential_errors, match=msg):
             idxr[nd3]
 
@@ -124,7 +132,7 @@ def test_setitem_ndarray_3d(self, index, frame_or_series, indexer_sli):
             err = ValueError
             msg = f"Cannot set values with ndim > {obj.ndim}"
         else:
-            err = ValueError
+            err = (ValueError, DataOneDimensionalError)
             msg = "|".join(
                 [
                     r"Buffer has wrong number of dimensions \(expected 1, got 3\)",
diff --git a/pandas/tests/series/test_constructors.py b/pandas/tests/series/test_constructors.py
index a4e82838b61d3..a4030d33234e3 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/series/test_constructors.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/series/test_constructors.py
@@ -15,7 +15,10 @@
     lib,
 )
 from pandas.compat import is_numpy_dev
-from pandas.errors import IntCastingNaNError
+from pandas.errors import (
+    DataOneDimensionalError,
+    IntCastingNaNError,
+)
 import pandas.util._test_decorators as td
 
 from pandas.core.dtypes.common import (
@@ -172,7 +175,7 @@ def test_constructor(self, datetime_series):
         assert not Series().index._is_all_dates
 
         # exception raised is of type ValueError GH35744
-        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Data must be 1-dimensional"):
+        with pytest.raises(DataOneDimensionalError, match="Data must be 1-dimensional"):
             Series(np.random.randn(3, 3), index=np.arange(3))
 
         mixed.name = "Series"