diff --git a/pandas/core/util/hashing.py b/pandas/core/util/hashing.py
index 02899bac14bb2..892fa83f98755 100644
--- a/pandas/core/util/hashing.py
+++ b/pandas/core/util/hashing.py
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 )
 from pandas.core.dtypes.generic import (
     ABCDataFrame,
+    ABCExtensionArray,
     ABCIndex,
     ABCMultiIndex,
     ABCSeries,
@@ -286,10 +287,17 @@ def hash_array(
     if is_categorical_dtype(dtype):
         vals = cast("Categorical", vals)
         return _hash_categorical(vals, encoding, hash_key)
-    elif not isinstance(vals, np.ndarray):
-        # i.e. ExtensionArray
+
+    elif isinstance(vals, ABCExtensionArray):
         vals, _ = vals._values_for_factorize()
 
+    elif not isinstance(vals, np.ndarray):
+        # GH#42003
+        raise TypeError(
+            "hash_array requires np.ndarray or ExtensionArray, not "
+            f"{type(vals).__name__}. Use hash_pandas_object instead."
+        )
+
     return _hash_ndarray(vals, encoding, hash_key, categorize)
 
 
diff --git a/pandas/tests/util/test_hashing.py b/pandas/tests/util/test_hashing.py
index 6eee756f67a2e..c2977b81a9b4a 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/util/test_hashing.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/util/test_hashing.py
@@ -71,6 +71,15 @@ def test_hash_array_errors(val):
         hash_array(val)
 
 
+def test_hash_array_index_exception():
+    # GH42003 TypeError instead of AttributeError
+    obj = pd.DatetimeIndex(["2018-10-28 01:20:00"], tz="Europe/Berlin")
+
+    msg = "Use hash_pandas_object instead"
+    with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+        hash_array(obj)
+
+
 def test_hash_tuples():
     tuples = [(1, "one"), (1, "two"), (2, "one")]
     result = hash_tuples(tuples)