diff --git a/pandas/tests/io/formats/test_css.py b/pandas/tests/io/formats/test_css.py
index a6ad5d5edbf5f..0d18b57c6d6e5 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/io/formats/test_css.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/io/formats/test_css.py
@@ -101,29 +101,25 @@ def test_css_side_shorthands(shorthand, expansions):
top, right, bottom, left = expansions
assert_resolves(
- "{shorthand}: 1pt".format(shorthand=shorthand),
- {top: "1pt", right: "1pt", bottom: "1pt", left: "1pt"},
+ f"{shorthand}: 1pt", {top: "1pt", right: "1pt", bottom: "1pt", left: "1pt"},
)
assert_resolves(
- "{shorthand}: 1pt 4pt".format(shorthand=shorthand),
- {top: "1pt", right: "4pt", bottom: "1pt", left: "4pt"},
+ f"{shorthand}: 1pt 4pt", {top: "1pt", right: "4pt", bottom: "1pt", left: "4pt"},
)
assert_resolves(
- "{shorthand}: 1pt 4pt 2pt".format(shorthand=shorthand),
+ f"{shorthand}: 1pt 4pt 2pt",
{top: "1pt", right: "4pt", bottom: "2pt", left: "4pt"},
)
assert_resolves(
- "{shorthand}: 1pt 4pt 2pt 0pt".format(shorthand=shorthand),
+ f"{shorthand}: 1pt 4pt 2pt 0pt",
{top: "1pt", right: "4pt", bottom: "2pt", left: "0pt"},
)
with tm.assert_produces_warning(CSSWarning):
- assert_resolves(
- "{shorthand}: 1pt 1pt 1pt 1pt 1pt".format(shorthand=shorthand), {}
- )
+ assert_resolves(f"{shorthand}: 1pt 1pt 1pt 1pt 1pt", {})
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
@@ -174,10 +170,10 @@ def test_css_none_absent(style, equiv):
"size,resolved",
[
("xx-small", "6pt"),
- ("x-small", "{pt:f}pt".format(pt=7.5)),
- ("small", "{pt:f}pt".format(pt=9.6)),
+ ("x-small", f"{7.5:f}pt"),
+ ("small", f"{9.6:f}pt"),
("medium", "12pt"),
- ("large", "{pt:f}pt".format(pt=13.5)),
+ ("large", f"{13.5:f}pt"),
("x-large", "18pt"),
("xx-large", "24pt"),
("8px", "6pt"),
@@ -196,9 +192,7 @@ def test_css_absolute_font_size(size, relative_to, resolved):
else:
inherited = {"font-size": relative_to}
assert_resolves(
- "font-size: {size}".format(size=size),
- {"font-size": resolved},
- inherited=inherited,
+ f"font-size: {size}", {"font-size": resolved}, inherited=inherited,
)
@@ -224,7 +218,7 @@ def test_css_absolute_font_size(size, relative_to, resolved):
("inherit", "16pt", "16pt"),
("smaller", None, "10pt"),
("smaller", "18pt", "15pt"),
- ("larger", None, "{pt:f}pt".format(pt=14.4)),
+ ("larger", None, f"{14.4:f}pt"),
("larger", "15pt", "18pt"),
],
)
@@ -234,7 +228,5 @@ def test_css_relative_font_size(size, relative_to, resolved):
else:
inherited = {"font-size": relative_to}
assert_resolves(
- "font-size: {size}".format(size=size),
- {"font-size": resolved},
- inherited=inherited,
+ f"font-size: {size}", {"font-size": resolved}, inherited=inherited,
)
diff --git a/pandas/tests/io/formats/test_format.py b/pandas/tests/io/formats/test_format.py
index f51dd2918efff..3b9deeca54af9 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/io/formats/test_format.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/io/formats/test_format.py
@@ -421,12 +421,10 @@ def test_repr_truncation_column_size(self):
def test_repr_max_columns_max_rows(self):
term_width, term_height = get_terminal_size()
if term_width < 10 or term_height < 10:
- pytest.skip(
- "terminal size too small, {0} x {1}".format(term_width, term_height)
- )
+ pytest.skip(f"terminal size too small, {term_width} x {term_height}")
def mkframe(n):
- index = ["{i:05d}".format(i=i) for i in range(n)]
+ index = [f"{i:05d}" for i in range(n)]
return DataFrame(0, index, index)
df6 = mkframe(6)
@@ -667,9 +665,9 @@ def test_to_string_with_formatters(self):
)
formatters = [
- ("int", lambda x: "0x{x:x}".format(x=x)),
- ("float", lambda x: "[{x: 4.1f}]".format(x=x)),
- ("object", lambda x: "-{x!s}-".format(x=x)),
+ ("int", lambda x: f"0x{x:x}"),
+ ("float", lambda x: f"[{x: 4.1f}]"),
+ ("object", lambda x: f"-{x!s}-"),
]
result = df.to_string(formatters=dict(formatters))
result2 = df.to_string(formatters=list(zip(*formatters))[1])
@@ -711,7 +709,7 @@ def format_func(x):
def test_to_string_with_formatters_unicode(self):
df = DataFrame({"c/\u03c3": [1, 2, 3]})
- result = df.to_string(formatters={"c/\u03c3": lambda x: "{x}".format(x=x)})
+ result = df.to_string(formatters={"c/\u03c3": str})
assert result == " c/\u03c3\n" + "0 1\n1 2\n2 3"
def test_east_asian_unicode_false(self):
@@ -1240,7 +1238,7 @@ def test_wide_repr(self):
set_option("display.expand_frame_repr", False)
rep_str = repr(df)
- assert "10 rows x {c} columns".format(c=max_cols - 1) in rep_str
+ assert f"10 rows x {max_cols - 1} columns" in rep_str
set_option("display.expand_frame_repr", True)
wide_repr = repr(df)
assert rep_str != wide_repr
@@ -1351,7 +1349,7 @@ def test_long_series(self):
n = 1000
s = Series(
np.random.randint(-50, 50, n),
- index=["s{x:04d}".format(x=x) for x in range(n)],
+ index=[f"s{x:04d}" for x in range(n)],
dtype="int64",
)
@@ -1477,9 +1475,7 @@ def test_to_string(self):
expected = ["A"]
assert header == expected
- biggie.to_string(
- columns=["B", "A"], formatters={"A": lambda x: "{x:.1f}".format(x=x)}
- )
+ biggie.to_string(columns=["B", "A"], formatters={"A": lambda x: f"{x:.1f}"})
biggie.to_string(columns=["B", "A"], float_format=str)
biggie.to_string(columns=["B", "A"], col_space=12, float_format=str)
@@ -1610,7 +1606,7 @@ def test_to_string_small_float_values(self):
result = df.to_string()
# sadness per above
- if "{x:.4g}".format(x=1.7e8) == "1.7e+008":
+ if _three_digit_exp():
expected = (
" a\n"
"0 1.500000e+000\n"
@@ -1922,7 +1918,7 @@ def test_repr_html_long(self):
long_repr = df._repr_html_()
assert ".." in long_repr
assert str(41 + max_rows // 2) not in long_repr
- assert "{h} rows ".format(h=h) in long_repr
+ assert f"{h} rows " in long_repr
assert "2 columns" in long_repr
def test_repr_html_float(self):
@@ -1939,7 +1935,7 @@ def test_repr_html_float(self):
).set_index("idx")
reg_repr = df._repr_html_()
assert ".." not in reg_repr
- assert "| {val} | ".format(val=str(40 + h)) in reg_repr
+ assert f"{40 + h} | " in reg_repr
h = max_rows + 1
df = DataFrame(
@@ -1951,8 +1947,8 @@ def test_repr_html_float(self):
).set_index("idx")
long_repr = df._repr_html_()
assert ".." in long_repr
- assert "{val} | ".format(val="31") not in long_repr
- assert "{h} rows ".format(h=h) in long_repr
+ assert "31 | " not in long_repr
+ assert f"{h} rows " in long_repr
assert "2 columns" in long_repr
def test_repr_html_long_multiindex(self):
@@ -2181,9 +2177,7 @@ def test_to_string(self):
cp.name = "foo"
result = cp.to_string(length=True, name=True, dtype=True)
last_line = result.split("\n")[-1].strip()
- assert last_line == (
- "Freq: B, Name: foo, Length: {cp}, dtype: float64".format(cp=len(cp))
- )
+ assert last_line == (f"Freq: B, Name: foo, Length: {len(cp)}, dtype: float64")
def test_freq_name_separation(self):
s = Series(
@@ -2782,7 +2776,7 @@ def test_to_string_na_rep(self):
def test_to_string_float_format(self):
s = pd.Series(range(10), dtype="float64")
- res = s.to_string(float_format=lambda x: "{0:2.1f}".format(x), max_rows=2)
+ res = s.to_string(float_format=lambda x: f"{x:2.1f}", max_rows=2)
exp = "0 0.0\n ..\n9 9.0"
assert res == exp
@@ -2807,7 +2801,7 @@ def test_to_string_multindex_header(self):
def _three_digit_exp():
- return "{x:.4g}".format(x=1.7e8) == "1.7e+008"
+ return f"{1.7e8:.4g}" == "1.7e+008"
class TestFloatArrayFormatter:
diff --git a/pandas/tests/io/formats/test_style.py b/pandas/tests/io/formats/test_style.py
index 5a3afb5025e51..f3fe3debdd217 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/io/formats/test_style.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/io/formats/test_style.py
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ def setup_method(self, method):
self.g = lambda x: x
def h(x, foo="bar"):
- return pd.Series("color: {foo}".format(foo=foo), index=x.index, name=x.name)
+ return pd.Series(f"color: {foo}", index=x.index, name=x.name)
self.h = h
self.styler = Styler(self.df)
@@ -278,7 +278,7 @@ def test_numeric_columns(self):
def test_apply_axis(self):
df = pd.DataFrame({"A": [0, 0], "B": [1, 1]})
- f = lambda x: ["val: {max}".format(max=x.max()) for v in x]
+ f = lambda x: [f"val: {x.max()}" for v in x]
result = df.style.apply(f, axis=1)
assert len(result._todo) == 1
assert len(result.ctx) == 0
@@ -362,7 +362,7 @@ def color_negative_red(val):
strings, black otherwise.
"""
color = "red" if val < 0 else "black"
- return "color: {color}".format(color=color)
+ return f"color: {color}"
dic = {
("a", "d"): [-1.12, 2.11],
@@ -1215,13 +1215,9 @@ def test_highlight_max(self):
def test_export(self):
f = lambda x: "color: red" if x > 0 else "color: blue"
- g = (
- lambda x, y, z: "color: {z}".format(z=z)
- if x > 0
- else "color: {z}".format(z=z)
- )
+ g = lambda x, z: f"color: {z}" if x > 0 else f"color: {z}"
style1 = self.styler
- style1.applymap(f).applymap(g, y="a", z="b").highlight_max()
+ style1.applymap(f).applymap(g, z="b").highlight_max()
result = style1.export()
style2 = self.df.style
style2.use(result)
@@ -1645,9 +1641,7 @@ def test_hide_columns_mult_levels(self):
def test_pipe(self):
def set_caption_from_template(styler, a, b):
- return styler.set_caption(
- "Dataframe with a = {a} and b = {b}".format(a=a, b=b)
- )
+ return styler.set_caption(f"Dataframe with a = {a} and b = {b}")
styler = self.df.style.pipe(set_caption_from_template, "A", b="B")
assert "Dataframe with a = A and b = B" in styler.render()
diff --git a/pandas/tests/io/formats/test_to_csv.py b/pandas/tests/io/formats/test_to_csv.py
index 24233a0ec84b1..cfe61e6ed4d52 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/io/formats/test_to_csv.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/io/formats/test_to_csv.py
@@ -486,10 +486,7 @@ def test_to_csv_compression(self, compression_only, read_infer, to_infer):
compression = compression_only
if compression == "zip":
- pytest.skip(
- "{compression} is not supported "
- "for to_csv".format(compression=compression)
- )
+ pytest.skip(f"{compression} is not supported for to_csv")
# We'll complete file extension subsequently.
filename = "test."
diff --git a/pandas/tests/io/formats/test_to_excel.py b/pandas/tests/io/formats/test_to_excel.py
index 4d8edec7c7f14..a6c673e8c51d6 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/io/formats/test_to_excel.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/io/formats/test_to_excel.py
@@ -270,13 +270,13 @@ def test_css_to_excel_inherited(css, inherited, expected):
def test_css_to_excel_good_colors(input_color, output_color):
# see gh-18392
css = (
- "border-top-color: {color}; "
- "border-right-color: {color}; "
- "border-bottom-color: {color}; "
- "border-left-color: {color}; "
- "background-color: {color}; "
- "color: {color}"
- ).format(color=input_color)
+ f"border-top-color: {input_color}; "
+ f"border-right-color: {input_color}; "
+ f"border-bottom-color: {input_color}; "
+ f"border-left-color: {input_color}; "
+ f"background-color: {input_color}; "
+ f"color: {input_color}"
+ )
expected = dict()
@@ -297,13 +297,13 @@ def test_css_to_excel_good_colors(input_color, output_color):
def test_css_to_excel_bad_colors(input_color):
# see gh-18392
css = (
- "border-top-color: {color}; "
- "border-right-color: {color}; "
- "border-bottom-color: {color}; "
- "border-left-color: {color}; "
- "background-color: {color}; "
- "color: {color}"
- ).format(color=input_color)
+ f"border-top-color: {input_color}; "
+ f"border-right-color: {input_color}; "
+ f"border-bottom-color: {input_color}; "
+ f"border-left-color: {input_color}; "
+ f"background-color: {input_color}; "
+ f"color: {input_color}"
+ )
expected = dict()