diff --git a/pandas/_libs/index.pyx b/pandas/_libs/index.pyx
index 21680fb0b3921..5e92c506b5d0c 100644
--- a/pandas/_libs/index.pyx
+++ b/pandas/_libs/index.pyx
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ cdef class IndexEngine:
 
         try:
             return self.mapping.get_item(val)
-        except TypeError:
+        except (TypeError, ValueError):
             raise KeyError(val)
 
     cdef inline _get_loc_duplicates(self, object val):
@@ -470,7 +470,7 @@ cdef class DatetimeEngine(Int64Engine):
         try:
             val = _to_i8(val)
             return self.mapping.get_item(val)
-        except TypeError:
+        except (TypeError, ValueError):
             self._date_check_type(val)
             raise KeyError(val)
 
diff --git a/pandas/core/frame.py b/pandas/core/frame.py
index 8d437102e4d18..7c5a460571fe9 100644
--- a/pandas/core/frame.py
+++ b/pandas/core/frame.py
@@ -1919,7 +1919,7 @@ def get_value(self, index, col, takeable=False):
 
         try:
             return engine.get_value(series._values, index)
-        except TypeError:
+        except (TypeError, ValueError):
 
             # we cannot handle direct indexing
             # use positional
diff --git a/pandas/core/indexes/base.py b/pandas/core/indexes/base.py
index 9b29f1b04ff73..3b069e4646c8e 100644
--- a/pandas/core/indexes/base.py
+++ b/pandas/core/indexes/base.py
@@ -1590,7 +1590,7 @@ def __contains__(self, key):
         hash(key)
         try:
             return key in self._engine
-        except TypeError:
+        except (TypeError, ValueError):
             return False
 
     _index_shared_docs['contains'] = """
@@ -1610,7 +1610,7 @@ def contains(self, key):
         hash(key)
         try:
             return key in self._engine
-        except TypeError:
+        except (TypeError, ValueError):
             return False
 
     def __hash__(self):