test larger sides to avoid a segfault

Author: jreback

pandas/_libs/reshape.pyx

@@ -114,11 +114,11 @@ def explode(ndarray[object] values):
         Py_ssize_t i, j, count, n
         object v
         ndarray[object] result
-        ndarray[uint8_t] counts
+        ndarray[int64_t] counts
 
     # find the resulting len
     n = len(values)
-    counts = numpy.zeros(n, dtype='uint8')
+    counts = numpy.zeros(n, dtype='int64')
     for i in range(n):
         v = values[i]
         if is_list_like(v):

pandas/tests/series/test_explode.py

@@ -52,3 +52,9 @@ def test_multi_index():
         [0, 1, 2, np.nan, np.nan, 3, 4], index=index, dtype=object, name="foo"
     )
     tm.assert_series_equal(result, expected)
+
+
+def test_large():
+    s = pd.Series([range(256)]).explode()
+    result = s.explode()
+    tm.assert_series_equal(result, s)