bug fix

Author: Rohan Jain

pandas/core/arrays/arrow/array.py

@@ -136,7 +136,10 @@ def floordiv_compat(
                 # which always inferred as int64, to prevent overflow
                 # in case of large uint64 values.
                 pc.and_(
-                    pc.less(divided, pa.scalar(0, type=divided.type)), has_remainder
+                    pc.less(
+                        pc.bit_wise_xor(left, right), pa.scalar(0, type=divided.type)
+                    ),
+                    has_remainder,
                 ),
                 # GH 55561: floordiv should round towards negative infinity.
                 # pv.divide for integral types rounds towards 0.

pandas/tests/extension/test_arrow.py

@@ -3253,6 +3253,14 @@ def test_arrow_floordiv_large_integral_result():
     tm.assert_series_equal(result, a)
 
 
+def test_arrow_floordiv_larger_divisor():
+    # GH 56676
+    a = pd.Series([-23], dtype="int64[pyarrow]")
+    result = a // 24
+    expected = pd.Series([-1], dtype="int64[pyarrow]")
+    tm.assert_series_equal(result, expected)
+
+
 def test_arrow_floordiv_no_overflow():
     # GH 56676
     a = pd.Series([9223372036854775808], dtype="uint64[pyarrow]")