sapi/cli: Extend --ini to print INI settings changed from the builtin default (php#17459)

* sapi/cli: Extend `--ini` to print INI settings changed from the builtin default

This is intended to make it easier to check whether or not a given INI setting
is changed from the default when building reproducers for a bugreport, without
forgetting any that might be relevant to the report.

As an example, running `sapi/cli/php -c /etc/php/8.3/cli/ --ini` on my Ubuntu
will now output:

    Configuration File (php.ini) Path: /usr/local/lib
    Loaded Configuration File:         /etc/php/8.3/cli/php.ini
    Scan for additional .ini files in: (none)
    Additional .ini files parsed:      (none)

    Non-standard INI settings:
    allow_url_include: "0" -> ""
    auto_append_file: (none) -> ""
    auto_prepend_file: (none) -> ""
    display_errors: "1" -> ""
    display_startup_errors: "1" -> ""
    enable_dl: "1" -> ""
    error_reporting: (none) -> "22527"
    html_errors: "1" -> "0"
    ignore_repeated_errors: "0" -> ""
    ignore_repeated_source: "0" -> ""
    implicit_flush: "0" -> "1"
    log_errors: "0" -> "1"
    mail.add_x_header: "0" -> ""
    mail.mixed_lf_and_crlf: "0" -> ""
    max_execution_time: "30" -> "0"
    memory_limit: "128M" -> "-1"
    request_order: (none) -> "GP"
    session.cookie_httponly: "0" -> ""
    session.gc_divisor: "100" -> "1000"
    session.gc_probability: "1" -> "0"
    session.sid_bits_per_character: "4" -> "5"
    session.sid_length: "32" -> "26"
    short_open_tag: "1" -> ""
    unserialize_callback_func: (none) -> ""
    user_dir: (none) -> ""
    variables_order: "EGPCS" -> "GPCS"
    zend.assertions: "1" -> "-1"
    zend.exception_ignore_args: "0" -> "1"
    zend.exception_string_param_max_len: "15" -> "0"

* Improve phrasing

Co-authored-by: Michael Voříšek <mvorisek@mvorisek.cz>

* NEWS/UPGRADING

---------

Co-authored-by: Michael Voříšek <mvorisek@mvorisek.cz>

Author: TimWolla

NEWS

@@ -2,6 +2,10 @@ PHP                                                                        NEWS
 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 ?? ??? ????, PHP 8.5.0alpha1
 
+- CLI:
+  . Extended --ini to print INI settings changed from the builtin default.
+    (timwolla)
+
 - COM:
   . Fixed property access of PHP objects wrapped in variant. (cmb)
   . Fixed method calls for PHP objects wrapped in variant. (cmb)

UPGRADING

@@ -107,6 +107,7 @@ PHP 8.5 UPGRADE NOTES
 - CLI:
   . Trying to set a process title that is too long with cli_set_process_title()
     will now fail instead of silently truncating the given title.
+  . --ini will now print INI settings changed from the builtin default.
 
 ========================================
 4. Deprecated Functionality

Zend/zend_ini.c

@@ -225,6 +225,7 @@ ZEND_API zend_result zend_register_ini_entries_ex(const zend_ini_entry_def *ini_
 
 	while (ini_entry->name) {
 		p = pemalloc(sizeof(zend_ini_entry), 1);
+		p->def = ini_entry;
 		p->name = zend_string_init_interned(ini_entry->name, ini_entry->name_length, 1);
 		p->on_modify = ini_entry->on_modify;
 		p->mh_arg1 = ini_entry->mh_arg1;

Zend/zend_ini.h

@@ -60,6 +60,7 @@ struct _zend_ini_entry {
 	uint8_t orig_modifiable;
 	uint8_t modified;
 
+	const zend_ini_entry_def *def;
 };
 
 BEGIN_EXTERN_C()

sapi/cli/php_cli.c

@@ -588,6 +588,14 @@ BOOL WINAPI php_cli_win32_ctrl_handler(DWORD sig)
 #endif
 /*}}}*/
 
+static int zend_ini_entry_cmp(Bucket *a, Bucket *b)
+{
+	zend_ini_entry *A = Z_PTR(a->val);
+	zend_ini_entry *B = Z_PTR(b->val);
+
+	return zend_binary_strcasecmp(ZSTR_VAL(A->name), ZSTR_LEN(A->name), ZSTR_VAL(B->name), ZSTR_LEN(B->name));
+}
+
 static int do_cli(int argc, char **argv) /* {{{ */
 {
 	int c;
@@ -1096,6 +1104,31 @@ static int do_cli(int argc, char **argv) /* {{{ */
 				zend_printf("Loaded Configuration File:         %s\n", php_ini_opened_path ? php_ini_opened_path : "(none)");
 				zend_printf("Scan for additional .ini files in: %s\n", php_ini_scanned_path  ? php_ini_scanned_path : "(none)");
 				zend_printf("Additional .ini files parsed:      %s\n", php_ini_scanned_files ? php_ini_scanned_files : "(none)");
+				zend_printf("\n");
+				zend_printf("Non-default INI settings:\n");
+				zend_ini_entry *ini_entry;
+				HashTable *sorted = zend_array_dup(EG(ini_directives));
+				zend_array_sort(sorted, zend_ini_entry_cmp, 1);
+				ZEND_HASH_PACKED_FOREACH_PTR(sorted, ini_entry) {
+					if (ini_entry->value == NULL && ini_entry->def->value == NULL) {
+						continue;
+					}
+					if (ini_entry->value != NULL && ini_entry->def->value != NULL && zend_string_equals_cstr(ini_entry->value, ini_entry->def->value, ini_entry->def->value_length)) {
+						continue;
+					}
+
+					zend_printf(
+						"%s: %s%s%s -> %s%s%s\n",
+						ZSTR_VAL(ini_entry->name),
+						ini_entry->def->value ? "\"" : "",
+						ini_entry->def->value ? ini_entry->def->value : "(none)",
+						ini_entry->def->value ? "\"" : "",
+						ini_entry->value ? "\"" : "",
+						ini_entry->value ? ZSTR_VAL(ini_entry->value) : "(none)",
+						ini_entry->value ? "\"" : ""
+					);
+				} ZEND_HASH_FOREACH_END();
+				zend_array_destroy(sorted);
 				break;
 			}
 		}