[Clang] Fix missed initializer instantiation bug for variable templates (#138122)

Fixes #135032

Due to nested templates, when instantiating the outer layer (the
template class), the inner layer (the template variable) uses delayed
instantiation.
This causes the declaration (VarDecl) of the template variable to retain
the type from the original template declaration (i.e., auto), and it
loses the initializer.
Later, when instantiating the template variable, its
VarTemplateSpecializationDecl type depends on the VarDecl type.
Thus, the VarTemplateSpecializationDecl also has no initializer, and its
type remains auto.
Ultimately, when building the reference expression in
Sema::BuildDeclarationNameExpr, the expression's type is auto and stays
as auto until code generation, triggering llvm_unreachable in
CodeGenTypes::ConvertType.

Since I noticed that the deduction of auto type is caused by the
initializer
I plan to do special processing for template variables of type auto,
that is, to prevent their delayed instantiation
so that their initializers will not be lost when the outer template
class is instantiated

Author: dty2

clang/docs/ReleaseNotes.rst

@@ -725,6 +725,7 @@ Bug Fixes to C++ Support
   in a ``constexpr`` function. (#GH131432)
 - Fixed an incorrect TreeTransform for calls to ``consteval`` functions if a conversion template is present. (#GH137885)
 - Clang now emits a warning when class template argument deduction for alias templates is used in C++17. (#GH133806)
+- Fix missed initializer instantiation bug for variable templates. (#GH138122)
 - Fix a crash when checking the template template parameters of a dependent lambda appearing in an alias declaration.
   (#GH136432), (#GH137014), (#GH138018)
 - Fixed an assertion when trying to constant-fold various builtins when the argument

clang/lib/Sema/SemaTemplateInstantiateDecl.cpp

@@ -6032,11 +6032,11 @@ void Sema::BuildVariableInstantiation(
   Context.setStaticLocalNumber(NewVar, Context.getStaticLocalNumber(OldVar));
 
   // Figure out whether to eagerly instantiate the initializer.
-  if (InstantiatingVarTemplate || InstantiatingVarTemplatePartialSpec) {
-    // We're producing a template. Don't instantiate the initializer yet.
-  } else if (NewVar->getType()->isUndeducedType()) {
+  if (NewVar->getType()->isUndeducedType()) {
     // We need the type to complete the declaration of the variable.
     InstantiateVariableInitializer(NewVar, OldVar, TemplateArgs);
+  } else if (InstantiatingVarTemplate || InstantiatingVarTemplatePartialSpec) {
+    // We're producing a template. Don't instantiate the initializer yet.
   } else if (InstantiatingSpecFromTemplate ||
              (OldVar->isInline() && OldVar->isThisDeclarationADefinition() &&
               !NewVar->isThisDeclarationADefinition())) {

clang/test/CodeGenCXX/cxx1z-inline-variables.cpp

@@ -1,5 +1,19 @@
 // RUN: %clang_cc1 -std=c++1z %s -emit-llvm -o - -triple x86_64-linux-gnu | FileCheck %s
 
+template <typename T> struct InlineAuto {
+  template <typename G> inline static auto var = 5;
+};
+int inlineauto = InlineAuto<int>::var<int>;
+// CHECK: @_ZN10InlineAutoIiE3varIiEE = {{.*}}i32 5{{.*}}comdat
+//
+template <typename> struct PartialInlineAuto {
+  template <typename, typename> inline static auto var = 6;
+  template <typename T> inline static auto var<int, T> = 7;
+};
+
+int partialinlineauto = PartialInlineAuto<int>::var<int, int>;
+// CHECK: @_ZN17PartialInlineAutoIiE3varIiiEE = {{.*}}i32 7{{.*}}comdat
+
 struct Q {
   // CHECK: @_ZN1Q1kE = linkonce_odr constant i32 5, comdat
   static constexpr int k = 5;

clang/test/SemaTemplate/cxx17-inline-variables.cpp

@@ -27,3 +27,15 @@ template <typename T> constexpr int A<T>::n = sizeof(A) + sizeof(T);
 template <typename T> inline constexpr int A<T>::m = sizeof(A) + sizeof(T);
 static_assert(A<int>().f() == 5);
 static_assert(A<int>().g() == 5);
+
+template <typename T> struct InlineAuto {
+  template <typename G> inline static auto var = 5;
+};
+
+template <typename> struct PartialInlineAuto {
+  template <typename, typename> inline static auto var = 6;
+  template <typename T> inline static auto var<int, T> = 7;
+};
+
+int inlineauto = InlineAuto<int>::var<int>;
+int partialinlineauto = PartialInlineAuto<int>::var<int, int>;