singleflight: Add an example

I was curious about the best way to initialize a Group - it turns out you just
do `var g Group` - but figured this package could use a package-level example
demonstrating an example use case.

Author: kevinburke

singleflight/example_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+/*
+Copyright 2016 Google Inc.
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+package singleflight_test
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/golang/groupcache/singleflight"
+)
+
+var counter int32
+
+func expensiveNetworkCall() (interface{}, error) {
+	time.Sleep(1)
+	atomic.AddInt32(&counter, 1)
+	return counter, nil
+}
+
+func Example() {
+	var g singleflight.Group
+	// No matter how many threads call Do, only one network call per key
+	// will be in progress at any time. Callers that share a key will get the
+	// same results.
+	v, _ := g.Do("key", expensiveNetworkCall)
+	fmt.Println(v.(int32))
+	// Output: 1
+}