diff --git a/graph_search.py b/graph_search.py
index e76d2e39..e13fafa8 100644
--- a/graph_search.py
+++ b/graph_search.py
@@ -11,53 +11,39 @@ def __init__(self, graph):
         self.graph = graph
 
     def find_path(self, start, end, path=None):
-        self.start = start
-        self.end = end
-        self.path = path if path else []
+        path = path or []
 
-        self.path += [self.start]
-        if self.start == self.end:
-            return self.path
-        if self.start not in self.graph:
-            return None
-        for node in self.graph[self.start]:
-            if node not in self.path:
-                newpath = self.find_path(node, self.end, self.path)
+        path.append(start)
+        if start == end:
+            return path
+        for node in self.graph.get(start, []):
+            if node not in path:
+                newpath = self.find_path(node, end, path)
                 if newpath:
                     return newpath
-        return None
 
     def find_all_path(self, start, end, path=None):
-        self.start = start
-        self.end = end
-        _path = path if path else []
-        _path += [self.start]
-        if self.start == self.end:
-            return [_path]
-        if self.start not in self.graph:
-            return []
+        path = path or []
+        path.append(start)
+        if start == end:
+            return [path]
         paths = []
-        for node in self.graph[self.start]:
-            if node not in _path:
-                newpaths = self.find_all_path(node, self.end, _path[:])
-                for newpath in newpaths:
-                    paths.append(newpath)
+        for node in self.graph.get(start, []):
+            if node not in path:
+                newpaths = self.find_all_path(node, end, path[:])
+                paths.extend(newpaths)
         return paths
 
     def find_shortest_path(self, start, end, path=None):
-        self.start = start
-        self.end = end
-        _path = path if path else []
+        path = path or []
+        path.append(start)
 
-        _path += [self.start]
-        if self.start == self.end:
-            return _path
-        if self.start not in self.graph:
-            return None
+        if start == end:
+            return path
         shortest = None
-        for node in self.graph[self.start]:
-            if node not in _path:
-                newpath = self.find_shortest_path(node, self.end, _path[:])
+        for node in self.graph.get(start, []):
+            if node not in path:
+                newpath = self.find_shortest_path(node, end, path[:])
                 if newpath:
                     if not shortest or len(newpath) < len(shortest):
                         shortest = newpath