diff --git a/lib/elixir/lib/inspect.ex b/lib/elixir/lib/inspect.ex
index e57a3de142..fd10fed51b 100644
--- a/lib/elixir/lib/inspect.ex
+++ b/lib/elixir/lib/inspect.ex
@@ -99,8 +99,10 @@ defprotocol Inspect do
   You can also define your custom protocol implementation by
   defining the `inspect/2` function. The function receives the
   entity to be inspected followed by the inspecting options,
-  represented by the struct `Inspect.Opts`. Building of the
-  algebra document is done with `Inspect.Algebra`.
+  represented by the struct `Inspect.Opts` and it must return
+  an algebra document alongside the updated options (or, optionally,
+  just the algebra document). Building of the algebra document
+  is done with `Inspect.Algebra`.
 
   Many times, inspecting a structure can be implemented in function
   of existing entities. For example, here is `MapSet`'s `inspect/2`
@@ -110,7 +112,8 @@ defprotocol Inspect do
         import Inspect.Algebra
 
         def inspect(map_set, opts) do
-          concat(["MapSet.new(", Inspect.List.inspect(MapSet.to_list(map_set), opts), ")"])
+          {doc, opts} = Inspect.List.inspect(MapSet.to_list(map_set), opts)
+          {concat(["MapSet.new(", doc, ")"]), opts}
         end
       end
 
@@ -148,6 +151,9 @@ defprotocol Inspect do
 
           Inspect.MapSet.inspect(MapSet.new(), %Inspect.Opts{})
 
+      Note that, from Elixir v1.19, the inspect protocol was augmented to
+      allow a two-element tuple with the document and the updated options
+      to be returned from the protocol.
   """
 
   # Handle structs in Any
@@ -261,7 +267,8 @@ defprotocol Inspect do
   `Inspect.Algebra.to_doc/2` should be preferred as it handles structs
   and exceptions.
   """
-  @spec inspect(t, Inspect.Opts.t()) :: Inspect.Algebra.t()
+  @spec inspect(t, Inspect.Opts.t()) ::
+          Inspect.Algebra.t() | {Inspect.Algebra.t(), Inspect.Opts.t()}
   def inspect(term, opts)
 end
 
@@ -303,11 +310,13 @@ defimpl Inspect, for: BitString do
     color_doc("<<>>", :binary, opts)
   end
 
-  defp inspect_bitstring(bitstring, opts) do
+  defp inspect_bitstring(bitstring, %{limit: limit} = opts) do
     left = color_doc("<<", :binary, opts)
     right = color_doc(">>", :binary, opts)
-    inner = each_bit(bitstring, opts.limit, opts)
-    group(concat(concat(left, nest(inner, 2)), right))
+    inner = each_bit(bitstring, limit, opts)
+    doc = group(concat(concat(left, nest(inner, 2)), right))
+    new_limit = if limit == :infinity, do: limit, else: max(0, limit - byte_size(bitstring))
+    {doc, %{opts | limit: new_limit}}
   end
 
   defp each_bit(_, 0, _) do
@@ -388,17 +397,21 @@ defimpl Inspect, for: List do
         color_doc(IO.iodata_to_binary(inspected), :charlist, opts)
 
       keyword?(term) ->
-        container_doc(open, term, close, opts, &keyword/2, separator: sep, break: :strict)
+        container_doc_with_opts(open, term, close, opts, &keyword/2,
+          separator: sep,
+          break: :strict
+        )
 
       true ->
-        container_doc(open, term, close, opts, &to_doc/2, separator: sep)
+        container_doc_with_opts(open, term, close, opts, &to_doc_with_opts/2, separator: sep)
     end
   end
 
   @doc false
   def keyword({key, value}, opts) do
     key = color_doc(Macro.inspect_atom(:key, key), :atom, opts)
-    concat(key, concat(" ", to_doc(value, opts)))
+    {doc, opts} = to_doc_with_opts(value, opts)
+    {concat(key, concat(" ", doc)), opts}
   end
 
   @doc false
@@ -419,7 +432,15 @@ defimpl Inspect, for: Tuple do
     sep = color_doc(",", :tuple, opts)
     close = color_doc("}", :tuple, opts)
     container_opts = [separator: sep, break: :flex]
-    container_doc(open, Tuple.to_list(tuple), close, opts, &to_doc/2, container_opts)
+
+    container_doc_with_opts(
+      open,
+      Tuple.to_list(tuple),
+      close,
+      opts,
+      &to_doc_with_opts/2,
+      container_opts
+    )
   end
 end
 
@@ -453,14 +474,16 @@ defimpl Inspect, for: Map do
   end
 
   defp to_assoc({key, value}, opts, sep) do
-    concat(concat(to_doc(key, opts), sep), to_doc(value, opts))
+    {key_doc, opts} = to_doc_with_opts(key, opts)
+    {value_doc, opts} = to_doc_with_opts(value, opts)
+    {concat(concat(key_doc, sep), value_doc), opts}
   end
 
   defp map_container_doc(list, name, opts, fun) do
     open = color_doc("%" <> name <> "{", :map, opts)
     sep = color_doc(",", :map, opts)
     close = color_doc("}", :map, opts)
-    container_doc(open, list, close, opts, fun, separator: sep, break: :strict)
+    container_doc_with_opts(open, list, close, opts, fun, separator: sep, break: :strict)
   end
 end
 
@@ -518,9 +541,9 @@ defimpl Inspect, for: Regex do
       :error ->
         concat([
           "Regex.compile!(",
-          Inspect.BitString.inspect(regex.source, opts),
+          to_doc(regex.source, opts),
           ", ",
-          Inspect.List.inspect(regex_opts, opts),
+          to_doc(regex_opts, opts),
           ")"
         ])
 
diff --git a/lib/elixir/lib/inspect/algebra.ex b/lib/elixir/lib/inspect/algebra.ex
index 046e3003d7..602d98b406 100644
--- a/lib/elixir/lib/inspect/algebra.ex
+++ b/lib/elixir/lib/inspect/algebra.ex
@@ -46,9 +46,8 @@ defmodule Inspect.Opts do
     * `:limit` - limits the number of items that are inspected for tuples,
       bitstrings, maps, lists and any other collection of items, with the exception of
       printable strings and printable charlists which use the `:printable_limit` option.
-      If you don't want to limit the number of items to a particular number,
-      use `:infinity`. It accepts a positive integer or `:infinity`.
-      Defaults to `50`.
+      It accepts a positive integer or `:infinity`. It defaults to 100 since
+      `Elixir v1.19.0`, as it has better defaults to deal with nested collections.
 
     * `:pretty` - if set to `true` enables pretty printing. Defaults to `false`.
 
@@ -91,7 +90,7 @@ defmodule Inspect.Opts do
             charlists: :infer,
             custom_options: [],
             inspect_fun: &Inspect.inspect/2,
-            limit: 50,
+            limit: 100,
             pretty: false,
             printable_limit: 4096,
             safe: true,
@@ -332,7 +331,6 @@ defmodule Inspect.Algebra do
            when is_binary(doc) or doc in [:doc_nil, :doc_line] or
                   (is_tuple(doc) and elem(doc, 0) in @docs)
 
-  defguardp is_limit(limit) when limit == :infinity or (is_integer(limit) and limit >= 0)
   defguardp is_width(width) when width == :infinity or (is_integer(width) and width >= 0)
 
   # Elixir + Inspect.Opts conveniences
@@ -341,11 +339,28 @@ defmodule Inspect.Algebra do
   @doc """
   Converts an Elixir term to an algebra document
   according to the `Inspect` protocol.
+
+  In practice, one must prefer to use `to_doc_with_opts/2`
+  over this function, as `to_doc_with_opts/2` returns the
+  updated options from inspection.
   """
   @spec to_doc(any, Inspect.Opts.t()) :: t
-  def to_doc(term, opts)
+  def to_doc(term, opts) do
+    to_doc_with_opts(term, opts) |> elem(0)
+  end
+
+  @doc """
+  Converts an Elixir term to an algebra document
+  according to the `Inspect` protocol, alongside the updated options.
+
+  This function is used when implementing the inspect protocol for
+  a given type and you must convert nested terms to documents too.
+  """
+  @doc since: "1.19.0"
+  @spec to_doc_with_opts(any, Inspect.Opts.t()) :: {t, Inspect.Opts.t()}
+  def to_doc_with_opts(term, opts)
 
-  def to_doc(%_{} = struct, %Inspect.Opts{inspect_fun: fun} = opts) do
+  def to_doc_with_opts(%_{} = struct, %Inspect.Opts{inspect_fun: fun} = opts) do
     if opts.structs do
       try do
         fun.(struct, opts)
@@ -363,13 +378,15 @@ defmodule Inspect.Algebra do
             try do
               Process.put(:inspect_trap, true)
 
-              inspected_struct =
-                struct
-                |> Inspect.Map.inspect_as_map(%{
+              {doc_struct, _opts} =
+                Inspect.Map.inspect_as_map(struct, %{
                   opts
                   | syntax_colors: [],
                     inspect_fun: Inspect.Opts.default_inspect_fun()
                 })
+
+              inspected_struct =
+                doc_struct
                 |> format(opts.width)
                 |> IO.iodata_to_binary()
 
@@ -394,10 +411,29 @@ defmodule Inspect.Algebra do
     else
       Inspect.Map.inspect_as_map(struct, opts)
     end
+    |> pack_opts(opts)
+  end
+
+  def to_doc_with_opts(arg, %Inspect.Opts{inspect_fun: fun} = opts) do
+    fun.(arg, opts) |> pack_opts(opts)
   end
 
-  def to_doc(arg, %Inspect.Opts{inspect_fun: fun} = opts) do
-    fun.(arg, opts)
+  defp pack_opts({_doc, %Inspect.Opts{}} = doc_opts, _opts), do: doc_opts
+  defp pack_opts(doc, opts), do: {doc, opts}
+
+  @doc ~S"""
+  Wraps `collection` in `left` and `right` according to limit and contents
+  and returns only the container document.
+
+  In practice, one must prefer to use `container_doc_with_opts/6`
+  over this function, as `container_doc_with_opts/6` returns the
+  updated options from inspection.
+  """
+  @doc since: "1.6.0"
+  @spec container_doc(t, [term], t, Inspect.Opts.t(), (term, Inspect.Opts.t() -> t), keyword()) ::
+          t
+  def container_doc(left, collection, right, inspect_opts, fun, opts \\ []) do
+    container_doc_with_opts(left, collection, right, inspect_opts, fun, opts) |> elem(0)
   end
 
   @doc ~S"""
@@ -412,6 +448,8 @@ defmodule Inspect.Algebra do
   The limit in the given `inspect_opts` is respected and when reached this
   function stops processing and outputs `"..."` instead.
 
+  It returns a tuple with the algebra document and the updated options.
+
   ## Options
 
     * `:separator` - the separator used between each doc
@@ -423,79 +461,99 @@ defmodule Inspect.Algebra do
 
       iex> inspect_opts = %Inspect.Opts{limit: :infinity}
       iex> fun = fn i, _opts -> to_string(i) end
-      iex> doc = Inspect.Algebra.container_doc("[", Enum.to_list(1..5), "]", inspect_opts, fun)
+      iex> {doc, _opts} = Inspect.Algebra.container_doc_with_opts("[", Enum.to_list(1..5), "]", inspect_opts, fun)
       iex> Inspect.Algebra.format(doc, 5) |> IO.iodata_to_binary()
       "[1,\n 2,\n 3,\n 4,\n 5]"
 
       iex> inspect_opts = %Inspect.Opts{limit: 3}
       iex> fun = fn i, _opts -> to_string(i) end
-      iex> doc = Inspect.Algebra.container_doc("[", Enum.to_list(1..5), "]", inspect_opts, fun)
+      iex> {doc, _opts} = Inspect.Algebra.container_doc_with_opts("[", Enum.to_list(1..5), "]", inspect_opts, fun)
       iex> Inspect.Algebra.format(doc, 20) |> IO.iodata_to_binary()
       "[1, 2, 3, ...]"
 
       iex> inspect_opts = %Inspect.Opts{limit: 3}
       iex> fun = fn i, _opts -> to_string(i) end
       iex> opts = [separator: "!"]
-      iex> doc = Inspect.Algebra.container_doc("[", Enum.to_list(1..5), "]", inspect_opts, fun, opts)
+      iex> {doc, _opts} = Inspect.Algebra.container_doc_with_opts("[", Enum.to_list(1..5), "]", inspect_opts, fun, opts)
       iex> Inspect.Algebra.format(doc, 20) |> IO.iodata_to_binary()
       "[1! 2! 3! ...]"
 
   """
-  @doc since: "1.6.0"
-  @spec container_doc(t, [term], t, Inspect.Opts.t(), (term, Inspect.Opts.t() -> t), keyword()) ::
-          t
-  def container_doc(left, collection, right, inspect_opts, fun, opts \\ [])
+  @doc since: "1.19.0"
+  @spec container_doc_with_opts(
+          t,
+          [term],
+          t,
+          Inspect.Opts.t(),
+          (term, Inspect.Opts.t() -> t),
+          keyword()
+        ) ::
+          {t, Inspect.Opts.t()}
+  def container_doc_with_opts(left, collection, right, inspect_opts, fun, opts \\ [])
       when is_doc(left) and is_list(collection) and is_doc(right) and is_function(fun, 2) and
              is_list(opts) do
     case collection do
       [] ->
-        concat(left, right)
+        {concat(left, right), inspect_opts}
 
       _ ->
         break = Keyword.get(opts, :break, :maybe)
         separator = Keyword.get(opts, :separator, @container_separator)
 
-        {docs, simple?} =
-          container_each(collection, inspect_opts.limit, inspect_opts, fun, [], break == :maybe)
+        {docs, simple?, inspect_opts} =
+          container_each(collection, inspect_opts, fun, [], break == :maybe)
 
         flex? = simple? or break == :flex
         docs = fold(docs, &join(&1, &2, flex?, separator))
 
-        case flex? do
-          true -> group(concat(concat(left, nest(docs, 1)), right))
-          false -> group(glue(nest(glue(left, "", docs), 2), "", right))
-        end
+        group =
+          case flex? do
+            true -> group(concat(concat(left, nest(docs, 1)), right))
+            false -> group(glue(nest(glue(left, "", docs), 2), "", right))
+          end
+
+        {group, inspect_opts}
     end
   end
 
-  defp container_each([], _limit, _opts, _fun, acc, simple?) do
-    {:lists.reverse(acc), simple?}
+  defp container_each([], opts, _fun, acc, simple?) do
+    {:lists.reverse(acc), simple?, opts}
   end
 
-  defp container_each(_, 0, _opts, _fun, acc, simple?) do
-    {:lists.reverse(["..." | acc]), simple?}
+  defp container_each(_, opts, _fun, acc, simple?) when opts.limit <= 0 do
+    {:lists.reverse(["..." | acc]), simple?, opts}
   end
 
-  defp container_each([term | terms], limit, opts, fun, acc, simple?)
-       when is_list(terms) and is_limit(limit) do
-    new_limit = decrement(limit)
-    doc = fun.(term, %{opts | limit: new_limit})
-    limit = if doc == :doc_nil, do: limit, else: new_limit
-    container_each(terms, limit, opts, fun, [doc | acc], simple? and simple?(doc))
+  defp container_each([term | terms], opts, fun, acc, simple?) when is_list(terms) do
+    {doc, opts} = call_container_fun(fun, term, opts)
+    container_each(terms, opts, fun, [doc | acc], simple? and simple?(doc))
   end
 
-  defp container_each([left | right], limit, opts, fun, acc, simple?) when is_limit(limit) do
-    limit = decrement(limit)
-    left = fun.(left, %{opts | limit: limit})
-    right = fun.(right, %{opts | limit: limit})
+  defp container_each([left | right], opts, fun, acc, simple?) do
+    {left, opts} = call_container_fun(fun, left, opts)
+    {right, _opts} = call_container_fun(fun, right, opts)
     simple? = simple? and simple?(left) and simple?(right)
-
     doc = join(left, right, simple?, @tail_separator)
-    {:lists.reverse([doc | acc]), simple?}
+    {:lists.reverse([doc | acc]), simple?, opts}
+  end
+
+  defp call_container_fun(fun, term, %{limit: bounded} = opts)
+       when bounded <= 0 or bounded == :infinity do
+    case fun.(term, opts) do
+      {doc, %Inspect.Opts{} = opts} -> {doc, opts}
+      doc -> {doc, opts}
+    end
   end
 
-  defp decrement(:infinity), do: :infinity
-  defp decrement(counter), do: counter - 1
+  defp call_container_fun(fun, term, %{limit: limit} = opts) do
+    changed_opts = %{opts | limit: limit - 1}
+
+    case fun.(term, changed_opts) do
+      {doc, %Inspect.Opts{} = opts} -> {doc, opts}
+      :doc_nil -> {:doc_nil, opts}
+      doc -> {doc, changed_opts}
+    end
+  end
 
   defp join(:doc_nil, :doc_nil, _, _), do: :doc_nil
   defp join(left, :doc_nil, _, _), do: left
diff --git a/lib/elixir/lib/map_set.ex b/lib/elixir/lib/map_set.ex
index 62577999f0..6e687954ba 100644
--- a/lib/elixir/lib/map_set.ex
+++ b/lib/elixir/lib/map_set.ex
@@ -445,8 +445,12 @@ defmodule MapSet do
     import Inspect.Algebra
 
     def inspect(map_set, %Inspect.Opts{} = opts) do
-      opts = %{opts | charlists: :as_lists}
-      concat(["MapSet.new(", Inspect.List.inspect(MapSet.to_list(map_set), opts), ")"])
+      {doc, %{limit: limit}} =
+        map_set
+        |> MapSet.to_list()
+        |> to_doc_with_opts(%{opts | charlists: :as_lists})
+
+      {concat(["MapSet.new(", doc, ")"]), %{opts | limit: limit}}
     end
   end
 end
diff --git a/lib/elixir/lib/stream.ex b/lib/elixir/lib/stream.ex
index 86c4ffe3f9..81704f1e31 100644
--- a/lib/elixir/lib/stream.ex
+++ b/lib/elixir/lib/stream.ex
@@ -1800,6 +1800,7 @@ defimpl Inspect, for: Stream do
 
   def inspect(%{enum: enum, funs: funs}, opts) do
     inner = [enum: enum, funs: :lists.reverse(funs)]
-    concat(["#Stream<", to_doc(inner, opts), ">"])
+    {doc, opts} = to_doc_with_opts(inner, opts)
+    {concat(["#Stream<", doc, ">"]), opts}
   end
 end
diff --git a/lib/elixir/test/elixir/inspect_test.exs b/lib/elixir/test/elixir/inspect_test.exs
index 91475f7818..ddc5cc04bd 100644
--- a/lib/elixir/test/elixir/inspect_test.exs
+++ b/lib/elixir/test/elixir/inspect_test.exs
@@ -336,11 +336,17 @@ defmodule Inspect.ListTest do
   end
 
   test "nested" do
-    assert inspect(Enum.reduce(1..100, [0], &[&2, Integer.to_string(&1)]), limit: 5) ==
-             "[[[[[[...], ...], \"97\"], \"98\"], \"99\"], \"100\"]"
+    assert inspect(Enum.reduce(1..5, [0], &[&2, &1]), limit: 5) ==
+             "[[[[[[...], ...], ...], ...], ...], ...]"
 
-    assert inspect(Enum.reduce(1..100, [0], &[&2 | Integer.to_string(&1)]), limit: 5) ==
-             "[[[[[[...] | \"96\"] | \"97\"] | \"98\"] | \"99\"] | \"100\"]"
+    assert inspect(Enum.reduce(1..5, [0], &[&2, &1]), limit: 10) ==
+             "[[[[[[0], 1], 2], 3], 4], ...]"
+
+    assert inspect(Enum.reduce(1..6, [0], &[&2, &1]), limit: 10) ==
+             "[[[[[[[0], 1], 2], 3], ...], ...], ...]"
+
+    assert inspect(Enum.reduce(1..100, [0], &[&2 | &1]), limit: 5) ==
+             "[[[[[[...] | 96] | 97] | 98] | 99] | 100]"
   end
 
   test "codepoints" do
diff --git a/lib/iex/lib/iex/info.ex b/lib/iex/lib/iex/info.ex
index e9aefe12f0..aaf05a57b0 100644
--- a/lib/iex/lib/iex/info.ex
+++ b/lib/iex/lib/iex/info.ex
@@ -444,6 +444,10 @@ defimpl IEx.Info, for: [Date, Time, DateTime, NaiveDateTime, Regex] do
   defp raw_inspect(value) do
     value
     |> Inspect.Any.inspect(%Inspect.Opts{})
+    |> case do
+      {doc, %Inspect.Opts{}} -> doc
+      doc -> doc
+    end
     |> Inspect.Algebra.format(:infinity)
     |> IO.iodata_to_binary()
   end
@@ -468,6 +472,10 @@ defimpl IEx.Info, for: Range do
   defp raw_inspect(value) do
     value
     |> Inspect.Any.inspect(%Inspect.Opts{})
+    |> case do
+      {doc, %Inspect.Opts{}} -> doc
+      doc -> doc
+    end
     |> Inspect.Algebra.format(:infinity)
     |> IO.iodata_to_binary()
   end