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+---
+id: pseudo-class-and-pseudo-elements
+title: Pseudo class and Pseudo elements
+sidebar_label: Pseudo class and Pseudo elements
+tags: [css, introduction, web development, markup language, hyper text, web pages, career opportunities, personal growth, web-development, web design, web pages, websites, career opportunities, contribute to the web, stay relevant, express yourself, learn other technologies, have fun,pseudo classes,pseudo elements]
+description: In this tutorial you will learn about Pseudo classes and Pseudo elements in CSS 
+---
+
+Pseudo-classes are used to define the special states of an element. They are typically prefixed with a colon (`:`).
+
+
+1. `:hover` : Applies when the user designates an element (with a pointing device), but does not activate it. Often used to change the appearance of a button when the mouse pointer is over it.
+
+```css
+button:hover {
+    background-color: lightblue;
+}
+```
+
+<BrowserWindow url="http://127.0.0.1:5500/index.html">
+<button type="submit">Submit</button>
+    <style>{`
+      button:hover {
+        background-color: lightblue;
+      }
+    `}</style>
+</BrowserWindow>
+
+
+2. `:focus` : Applies when an element has received focus (e.g., when clicked on or tabbed to).
+
+```css
+input:focus {
+    border-color: blue;
+}
+```
+
+<BrowserWindow url="http://127.0.0.1:5500/index.html">
+<input type="text" required/>
+<style>
+  {`input:focus {
+    border-color: blue;
+}`}
+</style>
+</BrowserWindow>
+
+3. `:nth-child(n)` : Matches elements based on their position in a group of siblings.
+
+```css
+li:nth-child(2) {
+    color: green;
+}
+```
+
+<BrowserWindow url="http://127.0.0.1:5500/index.html">
+<ul>
+      <li>Red</li>
+      <li>Green</li>
+      <li>BLue</li>
+</ul>
+<style>
+  {`
+    li:nth-child(2) {
+    color: green;
+    }
+ `}
+</style>
+</BrowserWindow>
+
+
+4. `:first-child` : Applies to the first child of its parent.
+
+```css
+.container div:first-child {
+  color: blue;
+  font-weight: bold;
+}
+```
+
+<BrowserWindow url="http://127.0.0.1:5500/index.html">
+<div className="pseudo_container">
+      <div>Hello</div>
+      <div>World</div>
+    </div>
+  <style>
+    {`.pseudo_container div:first-child {
+      color: blue;
+      font-weight: bold;
+    }`}
+  </style>
+</BrowserWindow>
+
+5. `:nth-of-type(n)` : Matches elements based on their position among siblings of the same type.
+
+```css
+div:nth-of-type(3)
+{
+  color: red;
+}
+```
+
+## Pseudo Elements
+
+1. `::before` : Inserts content before an element's actual content.
+
+```css
+p::before {
+    content: "Note: ";
+    font-weight: bold;
+}
+```
+
+2. `::after` : Inserts content after an element's actual content.
+
+```css
+p::after {
+    content: " - Read more";
+    font-style: italic;
+}
+```
+
+3. `::first-line` : Applies styles to the first line of a block-level element.
+
+```css
+p::first-line {
+    color: red;
+    font-weight: bold;
+}
+```