Merge pull request #371 from AmrutaJayanti/Typograpghy

Typograpghy

Author: ajay-dhangar

docs/CSS/css-basics/Typography.md

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+# Typography
+
+Typography in CSS is an essential aspect of web design, as it greatly influences the readability, aesthetics, and overall user experience of a website. Here are the key concepts and properties related to typography in CSS:
+
+**1. Font Family**
+
+The `font-family` property specifies the typeface for the text. It can include a specific font name and one or more generic font families.
+
+```css
+body {
+    font-family: 'Arial', sans-serif;
+}
+```
+
+**2. Font Size**
+
+The font-size property controls the size of the text. It can be set in various units like pixels (`px`), em units (`em`), rem units (`rem`), percentages (`%`), and more.
+
+```css
+p {
+    font-size: 16px;
+}
+
+h1 {
+    font-size: 2em; /* 2 times the current font size */
+}
+```
+You can check the relation between units
+
+| Unit | Description | 
+| :--------: | :--------: | 
+| `em`   | Calculated relative to the current font size. For example, 2em indicates 2 times larger size than current element's font size. | 
+| `px`  | `px` stands for "pixels." It's a unit of measurement commonly used in digital design and web development to define the size of elements on a screen.   | 
+| `%` |  Percentage (`%`) is a relative unit of measurement that expresses a value as a fraction of the parent element's size or the viewport's dimensions.For example, 50% of the width of the container. |
+| `rem` | Relative to font size of the root-element. |
+| `vw` | Viewport width (`vw`) is a relative unit of measurement that expresses a value as a fraction of the width of the browser viewport. `1vw` is equal to 1% of the width of the viewport. |
+| `vh` | Viewport height (`vh`) is a relative unit of measurement that expresses a value as a fraction of the height of the browser viewport. `1vh` is equal to 1% of the height of the viewport. |
+
+
+**3. Font Weight**
+
+The `font-weight` property defines the thickness of the characters. Common values include `normal`, `bold`, `bolder`, `lighter`, or numerical values ranging from 100 to 900.
+
+```css
+strong {
+    font-weight: bold;
+}
+
+p.light {
+    font-weight: 300;
+}
+```
+
+**4. Font Style**
+
+The `font-style` property allows you to italicize the text.
+
+```css
+em {
+    font-style: italic;
+}
+
+p.oblique {
+    font-style: oblique;
+}
+```
+
+**5. Font Variant**
+
+The `font-variant` property is used for small-caps and other typographic features.
+
+```css
+p {
+    font-variant: small-caps;
+}
+```
+
+**6. Text Transform**
+
+The `text-transform` property changes the case of the text.
+
+```css
+h1 {
+    text-transform: uppercase;
+}
+
+p {
+    text-transform: capitalize;
+}
+```
+
+**7. Text Alignment**
+
+The `text-align` property sets the horizontal alignment of the text.
+
+```css
+div {
+    text-align: center;
+}
+
+p {
+    text-align: justify;
+}
+```
+
+**8. Text Decoration**
+
+The `text-decoration` property adds decorations to the text, such as underlines, overlines, and line-throughs.
+
+```css
+a {
+    text-decoration: none; /* Removes underline from links */
+}
+
+del {
+    text-decoration: line-through;
+}
+```
+
+**9. Text Shadow**
+
+The `text-shadow` property adds a shadow effect to the text.
+
+```css
+h1 {
+    text-shadow: 2px 2px 5px gray;
+}
+```