Merge pull request #3645 from Ishitamukherjee2004/new-branch

Power Of Two of gfg problem is added

Author: ajay-dhangar

dsa-solutions/gfg-solutions/Easy problems/Power-Of-Two.md

@@ -0,0 +1,204 @@
+---
+id: power-of-2
+title: Power of 2
+tags:
+   - Easy
+   - Bit Manipulation
+   - GeeksforGeeks
+   - CPP
+   - Python
+   - DSA
+description: "This tutorial covers the solution to the Power of 2 problem from the GeeksforGeeks."
+---
+
+## Problem Description
+
+Given a non-negative integer `n`, the task is to check if it is a power of 2.
+
+## Examples
+
+**Example 1:**
+
+```
+Input: n = 1
+Output: true
+Explanation: 2^0 = 1
+```
+
+**Example 2:**
+
+```
+Input: n = 16
+Output: true
+Explanation: 2^4 = 16
+```
+
+**Example 3:**
+
+```
+Input: n = 3
+Output: false
+Explanation: 3 is not a power of 2
+```
+
+## Your Task
+
+You don't need to read input or print anything. Your task is to complete the function `isPowerofTwo()` which takes an integer `n` as input and returns `true` if `n` is a power of 2, otherwise `false`.
+
+Expected Time Complexity: $O(1)$
+
+Expected Auxiliary Space: $O(1)$
+
+## Constraints
+
+- `0 ≤ n ≤ 10^18`
+
+## Problem Explanation
+
+A number is a power of 2 if there exists an integer `x` such that `n = 2^x`. 
+
+## Code Implementation
+
+<Tabs>
+  <TabItem value="Python" label="Python" default>
+  <SolutionAuthor name="@Ishitamukherjee2004"/>
+
+  ```python
+  class Solution:
+      def isPowerofTwo(self, n: int) -> bool:
+          if n <= 0:
+              return False
+          # A power of two has exactly one bit set in binary representation
+          return (n & (n - 1)) == 0
+
+  # Example usage
+  if __name__ == "__main__":
+      solution = Solution()
+      print(solution.isPowerofTwo(16))  # Expected output: True
+      print(solution.isPowerofTwo(3))   # Expected output: False
+  ```
+
+  </TabItem>
+  <TabItem value="C++" label="C++">
+  <SolutionAuthor name="@Ishitamukherjee2004"/>
+
+  ```cpp
+  #include <bits/stdc++.h>
+  using namespace std;
+
+  class Solution {
+  public:
+      // Function to check if given number n is a power of two.
+      bool isPowerofTwo(long long n) {
+          if (n <= 0) return false;
+          // A power of two has exactly one bit set in binary representation
+          return (n & (n - 1)) == 0;
+      }
+  };
+
+  int main() {
+      int t;
+      cin >> t; // testcases
+
+      for (int i = 0; i < t; i++) {
+          long long n; // input a number n
+          cin >> n;
+          Solution ob;
+          if (ob.isPowerofTwo(n))
+              cout << "true" << endl;
+          else
+              cout << "false" << endl;
+      }
+      return 0;
+  }
+  ```
+
+  </TabItem>
+
+    <TabItem value="Javascript" label="Javascript">
+  <SolutionAuthor name="@Ishitamukherjee2004"/>
+
+  ```javascript
+class Solution {
+  isPowerofTwo(n) {
+    if (n <= 0) return false;
+    return (n & (n - 1)) == 0;
+  }
+}
+
+let t = parseInt(prompt("Enter number of testcases"));
+for (let i = 0; i < t; i++) {
+  let n = parseInt(prompt("Enter a number"));
+  let sol = new Solution();
+  console.log(sol.isPowerofTwo(n));
+}
+
+  ```
+
+  </TabItem>
+    <TabItem value="Typescript" label="Typescript">
+  <SolutionAuthor name="@Ishitamukherjee2004"/>
+
+  ```typescript
+class Solution {
+  isPowerofTwo(n: number): boolean {
+    if (n <= 0) return false;
+    return (n & (n - 1)) == 0;
+  }
+}
+
+let t: number = parseInt(prompt("Enter number of testcases"));
+for (let i: number = 0; i < t; i++) {
+  let n: number = parseInt(prompt("Enter a number"));
+  let sol: Solution = new Solution();
+  console.log(sol.isPowerofTwo(n));
+}
+
+  ```
+
+  </TabItem>
+
+
+    <TabItem value="Java" label="Java">
+  <SolutionAuthor name="@Ishitamukherjee2004"/>
+
+  ```java
+import java.util.Scanner;
+
+class Solution {
+  boolean isPowerofTwo(long n) {
+    if (n <= 0) return false;
+    return (n & (n - 1)) == 0;
+  }
+}
+
+public class Main {
+  public static void main(String[] args) {
+    Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
+    int t = sc.nextInt();
+    for (int i = 0; i < t; i++) {
+      long n = sc.nextLong();
+      Solution sol = new Solution();
+      System.out.println(sol.isPowerofTwo(n));
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+  ```
+
+  </TabItem>
+</Tabs>
+
+## Solution Logic:
+
+1. A number `n` is a power of 2 if it has exactly one bit set in its binary representation.
+2. To check this, you can use the property: `n & (n - 1) == 0`.
+3. This expression is true only for powers of 2.
+
+## Time Complexity
+
+- The function operates in constant time, $O(1)$.
+
+## Space Complexity
+
+- The function uses constant space, $O(1)$.