added lc 0977

Author: Vansh

dsa-solutions/lc-solutions/0900-0999/0977-sqaures-of-sorted-array.md

@@ -0,0 +1,315 @@
+---
+id: squares-of-a-sorted-array
+title:   Squares of a sorted array
+sidebar_label: 977. Squares of a Sorted Array
+
+tags:
+- Array
+- Vector
+
+description: "This is a solution to the squares of a sorted array problem on LeetCode."
+---
+
+## Problem Description
+Given an integer array `nums` sorted in **non-decreasing** order, return an array of ***the squares of each number*** *sorted in non-decreasing order.*
+
+### Examples
+
+**Example 1:**
+```
+Input: nums = [-4,-1,0,3,10]
+Output: [0,1,9,16,100]
+Explanation: After squaring, the array becomes [16,1,0,9,100].
+After sorting, it becomes [0,1,9,16,100].
+```
+
+**Example 2:**
+```
+Input: nums = [-7,-3,2,3,11]
+Output: [4,9,9,49,121]
+
+```
+
+
+### Constraints
+- `1 <= nums.length <= 10^4`
+- `-10^4 <= nums[i] <= 10^4`
+- `nums` is sorted in **non-decreasing** order.
+
+**Follow up:** Squaring each element and sorting the new array is very trivial, could you find an `O(n)` solution using a different approach?
+
+
+## Solution for Sqaures of a Sorted Array
+### Approach 
+#### Brute Force 
+- **Square Each Element**:  Iterate through the array and square each element.
+
+- **Sort the Resulting Array**: Sort the array of squares.
+
+**Implementation:**
+```python
+def sortedSquares(nums):
+    # Step 1: Square each element
+    squared_nums = [num ** 2 for num in nums]
+    
+    # Step 2: Sort the array of squares
+    squared_nums.sort()
+    
+    return squared_nums
+
+# Example usage
+nums = [-4, -1, 0, 3, 10]
+print(sortedSquares(nums))  # Output: [0, 1, 9, 16, 100]
+```
+
+**Complexity:**
+- Time Complexity: `O(nlogn)` due to the sorting step, where `n` is the number of elements in `nums`.
+- Space Complexity: `O(n)` for storing the sqaured numbers.
+
+**Corner Cases:**
+- Empty array: Should return an empty array.
+- All non-negative or all non-positive numbers: Should still work correctly without special handling.
+
+#### Optimized Approach 
+- **Two-pointer Technique**: Utilize two pointers, one at the beginning (`left`) and one at the end (`right`) of the array.
+- **Compare and Insert**: Compare the absolute values of the elements pointed by `left` and `right`. Insert the square of the larger absolute value at the end of the result array and move the corresponding pointer inward.
+- **Continue Until Pointers Meet**: Repeat the comparison and insertion until the pointers meet.
+
+**Implementation:**
+
+```python
+def sortedSquares(nums):
+    n = nums.length
+    result = [0] * n
+    left, right = 0, n - 1
+    position = n - 1
+
+    while left <= right:
+        if abs(nums[left]) > abs(nums[right]):
+            result[position] = nums[left] ** 2
+            left += 1
+        else:
+            result[position] = nums[right] ** 2
+            right -= 1
+        position -= 1
+
+    return result
+
+# Example usage
+nums = [-4, -1, 0, 3, 10]
+print(sortedSquares(nums))  # Output: [0, 1, 9, 16, 100]
+
+```
+
+**Complexity:**
+- Time Complexity: `O(n)` because we are traversing the array only once with the two-pointer technique.
+- Space Complexity: `O(n)` for the result array.
+
+**Corner Cases:**
+- Empty array: Should return an empty array.
+- All non-negative or all non-positive numbers: Handled naturally by the two-pointer technique without special cases.
+- Array with single element: Both approaches handle this case correctly.
+
+
+<Tabs>
+  <TabItem value="Solution" label="Solution">
+
+#### Implementation
+
+    ```jsx live
+    function Solution(arr) {
+      var sortedSquares = function(nums) {
+        const result = new Array(nums.length)
+        let i = nums.length - 1
+        let j = 0
+        let k = nums.length - 1
+
+        while (i >= 0) {
+            if (Math.abs(nums[j]) > Math.abs(nums[k])) {
+                result[i] = nums[j] * nums[j];
+                ++j;
+            } else {
+                result[i] = nums[k] * nums[k];
+                --k;
+            }
+            --i;
+        }
+        return result
+      };
+      const input = [-4,-1,0,3,10]
+      const originalInput = [...input]
+      const output = sortedSquares(input)
+      return (
+        <div>
+          <p>
+            <b>Input: </b>
+            {JSON.stringify(originalInput)}
+          </p>
+          <p>
+            <b>Output:</b> {output.toString()}
+          </p>
+        </div>
+      );
+    }
+    ```
+
+#### Complexity Analysis
+
+ - Time Complexity: $O(n)$ 
+ - Space Complexity: $O(n)$ 
+
+  ## Code in Different Languages
+
+   <Tabs>
+
+  <TabItem value="JavaScript" label="JavaScript">
+  <SolutionAuthor name="@vansh-codes" />
+
+   ```javascript
+    var sortedSquares = function(nums) {
+        const result = new Array(nums.length)
+        let i = nums.length - 1
+        let j = 0
+        let k = nums.length - 1
+
+        while (i >= 0) {
+            if (Math.abs(nums[j]) > Math.abs(nums[k])) {
+                result[i] = nums[j] * nums[j];
+                j++;
+            } else {
+                result[i] = nums[k] * nums[k];
+                k--;
+            }
+            i--;
+        }
+        return result;
+    };
+    ```
+
+  </TabItem>
+
+  <TabItem value="TypeScript" label="TypeScript">
+  <SolutionAuthor name="@vansh-codes" /> 
+
+   ```typescript
+    function sortedSquares(nums: number[]): number[] {
+        const result = new Array(nums.length);
+        let i = nums.length - 1;
+        let j = 0;
+        let k = nums.length - 1;
+        
+        while (i >= 0) {
+            if (Math.abs(nums[j]) > Math.abs(nums[k])) {
+                result[i] = nums[j] * nums[j];
+                j++;
+            } else {
+                result[i] = nums[k] * nums[k];
+                k--;
+            }
+            i--;
+        }
+        
+        return result;
+    }
+    ```
+
+  </TabItem>
+
+  <TabItem value="Python" label="Python">
+  <SolutionAuthor name="@vansh-codes" />
+
+   ```python
+
+    class Solution(object):
+    def sortedSquares(self, nums):
+        result = [0] * len(nums)
+        i = len(nums) - 1
+        j = 0
+        k = len(nums) - 1
+        
+        while i >= 0:
+            if abs(nums[j]) > abs(nums[k]):
+                result[i] = nums[j] ** 2
+                j += 1
+            else:
+                result[i] = nums[k] ** 2
+                k -= 1
+            i -= 1
+        
+        return result
+
+    ```
+
+  </TabItem>
+
+  <TabItem value="Java" label="Java">
+  <SolutionAuthor name="@vansh-codes" />
+
+   ```java
+   import java.util.Arrays;
+
+    class Solution {
+        public int[] sortedSquares(int[] nums) {
+            int[] result = new int[nums.length];
+            int i = nums.length - 1;
+            int j = 0;
+            int k = nums.length - 1;
+            
+            while (i >= 0) {
+                if (Math.abs(nums[j]) > Math.abs(nums[k])) {
+                    result[i] = nums[j] * nums[j];
+                    j++;
+                } else {
+                    result[i] = nums[k] * nums[k];
+                    k--;
+                }
+                i--;
+            }
+            
+            return result;
+        }
+    }
+    ```
+
+  </TabItem>
+
+  <TabItem value="C++" label="C++">
+  <SolutionAuthor name="@vansh-codes" />
+
+   ```cpp
+   class Solution {
+    public:
+        int sortedSquares(vector<int>& nums) {
+            vector<int> result(nums.size());
+            int i = nums.size()-1, j = 0, k = nums.size()-1;
+            while(i >= 0)
+            {
+                if(abs(nums[j]) > abs(nums[k]))
+                {
+                    result[i] = nums[j] * nums[j];
+                    ++j;
+                }
+                else
+                {   
+                    result[i] = nums[k] * nums[k];
+                    --k;
+                }
+                --i;
+            }
+            return result;
+        }
+    };
+
+    ```
+
+</TabItem>
+</Tabs>
+
+</TabItem>
+</Tabs>
+
+## References
+
+- **LeetCode Problem**: [Squares of a Sorted Array](https://leetcode.com/problems/squares-of-a-sorted-array/description)
+
+- **Solution Link**: [LeetCode Solution](https://leetcode.com/problems/squares-of-a-sorted-array/solutions/)