Merge pull request #1365 from maradadivyasree020/lc-274

lc-274 added

Author: ajay-dhangar

dsa-solutions/lc-solutions/0200-0299/0274-H-index.md

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+---
+id: h-index
+title: H-Index (LeetCode)
+sidebar_label: 0274-H-Index
+tags:
+  - Array
+  - Sorting
+  - Counting Sort
+description: Given an array of integers citations where citations[i] is the number of citations a researcher received for their ith paper, return the researcher's h-index.
+sidebar_position: 0274
+---
+
+## Problem Description
+
+Given an array of integers citations where citations[i] is the number of citations a researcher received for their ith paper, return the researcher's h-index.According to the definition of h-index on Wikipedia: The h-index is defined as the maximum value of h such that the given researcher has published at least h papers that have each been cited at least h times.
+
+### Example 1
+
+- **Input:** ` citations = [3,0,6,1,5]`
+- **Output:** `3`
+- **Explanation:**[3,0,6,1,5] means the researcher has 5 papers in total and each of them had received 3, 0, 6, 1, 5 citations respectively.
+Since the researcher has 3 papers with at least 3 citations each and the remaining two with no more than 3 citations each, their h-index is 3.
+
+### Example 2
+
+- **Input:** `citations = [1,3,1] `
+- **Output:** `1`
+
+### Constraints
+
+- `n == citations.length`
+- `1 <= n <= 5000`
+- `0 <= citations[i] <= 1000`
+
+## Approach
+Create a function hasLeastCitations with a parameter h to check if there are at least h papers with >= h citations. When hasLeastCitations(x) is true, hasLeastCitations(x-1) is also true. This means that hasLeastCitations is a monotonic function, so we can binary search for the highest h for which it return true. This h is our h-index.
+
+### Solution Code
+
+#### C++
+
+```c++
+class Solution {
+public:
+    bool hasLeastCitations(int h, vector<int>& citations) {
+        int count = 0;
+        for (int cite_count : citations) {
+            if (cite_count >= h)
+                count++;
+        }
+        return count >= h;
+    }
+    int hIndex(vector<int>& citations) {
+        int low = 0, high = citations.size();
+        while (low <= high) {
+            int mid = (low + high) / 2;
+            if (hasLeastCitations(mid, citations))
+                low = mid + 1;
+            else
+                high = mid - 1;
+        }
+        return high;
+    }
+};
+```
+
+#### Java
+```java
+class Solution {
+    static boolean hasLeastCitations(int h, int[] citations) {
+        int count = 0;
+        for (int cite_count : citations) {
+            if (cite_count >= h)
+                count++;
+        }
+        return count >= h;
+    }
+    public int hIndex(int[] citations) {
+        int low = 0, high = citations.length;
+        while (low <= high) {
+            int mid = (low + high) / 2;
+            if (hasLeastCitations(mid, citations))
+                low = mid + 1;
+            else
+                high = mid - 1;
+        }
+        return high;
+    }
+}
+```
+
+#### Python
+```python
+class Solution:
+    def hIndex(self, citations: List[int]) -> int:
+
+        def hasLeastCitations(h, citations):
+            return sum(cite_count >= h for cite_count in citations) >= h
+
+        low = 0
+        high = len(citations)
+        while low <= high:
+            mid = (low + high) // 2
+            if hasLeastCitations(mid, citations):
+                low = mid + 1
+            else:
+                high = mid - 1
+        return high
+            
+```
+
+#### Conclusion
+- Time Complexity
+
+  - 1. Sorting is O(nlogn)
+
+   - 2. Looping is O(n)
+
+    - The total time complexity as O(n log n).
+
+- Space Complexity
+The only memory we allocate is the integer h, so the space complexity is O(1).