Create Asynchronous-Programming.md

Author: AmrutaJayanti

docs/python/Asynchronous-Programming.md

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+# Asynchronous Programming
+
+*Synchronous Programming*:Synchronous programming, executes the tasks in a predetermined order, where each operation waits for the previous one to complete before proceeding.
+
+*Asynchronous Programming*:Asynchronous programming allows tasks to execute independently of one another, enabling concurrent execution and improved performance.
+
+### `asyncio` in Python 
+
+Asyncio is a Python library that is used for concurrent programming, including the use of async iterator in Python. It is not multi-threading or multi-processing. Asyncio is used as a foundation for multiple Python asynchronous frameworks that provide high-performance network and web servers, database connection libraries, distributed task queues, etc
+
+1. **Coroutine**: A function defined with `async def` that can be paused and resumed. It runs until it awaits on another coroutine or an `awaitable` object (such as another coroutine, a task, or a future).
+2. **Event Loop**: The core of every asyncio application. It runs asynchronous tasks and callbacks, performs network IO operations, and runs sub-processes.
+3. **Task**: A coroutine wrapped in a task and scheduled to run on the event loop.
+4. **Awaitable**: An object that can be used with await expression, which includes coroutines, Tasks, and Futures.
+5. **Future**: A low-level `awaitable` object that represents a result that will be available in the future.
+
+- Creating and Running coroutines
+```python
+import asyncio
+
+async def greet(name):
+    print(f"Hello, {name}")
+    await asyncio.sleep(1)
+    print(f"Goodbye, {name}")
+async def main():
+    await greet("Alice")
+    await greet("Bob")
+
+asyncio.run(main())
+```
+
+You can create coroutines using `async def` and run them using `await`
+
+- Running multiple coroutines
+
+```python
+import asyncio
+
+async def greet(name):
+    print(f"Hello, {name}")
+    await asyncio.sleep(1)
+    print(f"Goodbye, {name}")
+
+async def main():
+    await asyncio.gather(
+        greet("Alice"),
+        greet("Bob")
+    )
+
+asyncio.run(main())
+```
+
+You can run multiple coroutines concurrently using `asyncio.gather` or `asyncio.create_task`.
+
+