fix(core): does not generate a valid artifact id from some construct IDs (#33863)

### Issue

Closes #32808

Minimal reproduction:

```ts
const app = new cdk.App();
const stack = new cdk.Stack(app, 'Stack:Test', { stackName: "valid" });
assert(!stack.artifactId.match(/[^A-Za-z0-9_\-\.]/g))
```

### Reason for this change

When users create a `Stack` with an id containing certain special characters, the produced artifact file name would contain invalid characters.

### Description of changes

Ensure only valid artifact files names are produces, no matter the input.

### Describe any new or updated permissions being added

n/a

### Description of how you validated changes

New unit tests, existing test suite

I have updated the integ test using `--dry-run` as per instructions in the test file.
I have deployed the integ test using the instructions in the test file.

### Checklist
- [x] My code adheres to the [CONTRIBUTING GUIDE](https://github.com/aws/aws-cdk/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md) and [DESIGN GUIDELINES](https://github.com/aws/aws-cdk/blob/main/docs/DESIGN_GUIDELINES.md)

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*By submitting this pull request, I confirm that my contribution is made under the terms of the Apache-2.0 license*

Author: mrgrain