Merge pull request "Fix references to "C" programming language"#475 from per1234/cplusplus-not-c

Fix references to "C programming language"

Author: robsoncouto

Language/Structure/Arithmetic Operators/assignment.adoc

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ subCategories: [ "Arithmetic Operators" ]
 
 [float]
 === Description
-The single equal sign `=` in the C programming language is called the assignment operator. It has a different meaning than in algebra class where it indicated an equation or equality. The assignment operator tells the microcontroller to evaluate whatever value or expression is on the right side of the equal sign, and store it in the variable to the left of the equal sign.
+The single equal sign `=` in the C++ programming language is called the assignment operator. It has a different meaning than in algebra class where it indicated an equation or equality. The assignment operator tells the microcontroller to evaluate whatever value or expression is on the right side of the equal sign, and store it in the variable to the left of the equal sign.
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 --

Language/Structure/Control Structure/for.adoc

@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ void loop()
 
 [float]
 === Notes and Warnings
-The C `for` loop is much more flexible than `for` loops found in some other computer languages, including BASIC. Any or all of the three header elements may be omitted, although the semicolons are required. Also the statements for initialization, condition, and increment can be any valid C statements with unrelated variables, and use any C datatypes including floats. These types of unusual `for` statements may provide solutions to some rare programming problems.
+The C++ `for` loop is much more flexible than `for` loops found in some other computer languages, including BASIC. Any or all of the three header elements may be omitted, although the semicolons are required. Also the statements for initialization, condition, and increment can be any valid C++ statements with unrelated variables, and use any C++ datatypes including floats. These types of unusual `for` statements may provide solutions to some rare programming problems.
 [%hardbreaks]
 
 For example, using a multiplication in the increment line will generate a logarithmic progression:

Language/Structure/Control Structure/goto.adoc

@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ bailout:
 
 [float]
 === Notes and Warnings
-The use of `goto` is discouraged in C programming, and some authors of C programming books claim that the `goto` statement is never necessary, but used judiciously, it can simplify certain programs. The reason that many programmers frown upon the use of goto is that with the unrestrained use of `goto` statements, it is easy to create a program with undefined program flow, which can never be debugged.
+The use of `goto` is discouraged in C++ programming, and some authors of C++ programming books claim that the `goto` statement is never necessary, but used judiciously, it can simplify certain programs. The reason that many programmers frown upon the use of goto is that with the unrestrained use of `goto` statements, it is easy to create a program with undefined program flow, which can never be debugged.
 
 With that said, there are instances where a `goto` statement can come in handy, and simplify coding. One of these situations is to break out of deeply nested link:../for[for] loops, or link:../if[if] logic blocks, on a certain condition.
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Language/Structure/Control Structure/if.adoc

@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ The statements being evaluated inside the parentheses require the use of one or
 
 Beware of accidentally using the single equal sign (e.g. `if (x = 10)` ). The single equal sign is the assignment operator, and sets `x` to 10 (puts the value 10 into the variable `x`). Instead use the double equal sign (e.g. `if (x == 10)` ), which is the comparison operator, and tests _whether_ `x` is equal to 10 or not. The latter statement is only true if `x` equals 10, but the former statement will always be true.
 
-This is because C evaluates the statement `if (x=10)` as follows: 10 is assigned to `x` (remember that the single equal sign is the (http://arduino.cc/en/Reference/Assignment[assignment operator^])), so `x` now contains 10. Then the 'if' conditional evaluates 10, which always evaluates to `TRUE`, since any non-zero number evaluates to TRUE. Consequently, `if (x = 10)` will always evaluate to `TRUE`, which is not the desired result when using an 'if' statement. Additionally, the variable `x` will be set to 10, which is also not a desired action.
+This is because C++ evaluates the statement `if (x=10)` as follows: 10 is assigned to `x` (remember that the single equal sign is the (http://arduino.cc/en/Reference/Assignment[assignment operator^])), so `x` now contains 10. Then the 'if' conditional evaluates 10, which always evaluates to `TRUE`, since any non-zero number evaluates to TRUE. Consequently, `if (x = 10)` will always evaluate to `TRUE`, which is not the desired result when using an 'if' statement. Additionally, the variable `x` will be set to 10, which is also not a desired action.
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Language/Structure/Further Syntax/curlyBraces.adoc

@@ -17,10 +17,10 @@ subCategories: [ "Further Syntax" ]
 
 [float]
 === Description
-Curly braces (also referred to as just "braces" or as "curly brackets") are a major part of the C programming language. They are used in several different constructs, outlined below, and this can sometimes be confusing for beginners. +
+Curly braces (also referred to as just "braces" or as "curly brackets") are a major part of the C++ programming language. They are used in several different constructs, outlined below, and this can sometimes be confusing for beginners. +
 An opening curly brace `{` must always be followed by a closing curly brace `}`. This is a condition that is often referred to as the braces being balanced. The Arduino IDE (Integrated Development Environment) includes a convenient feature to check the balance of curly braces. Just select a brace, or even click the insertion point immediately following a brace, and its logical companion will be highlighted.
 [%hardbreaks]
-Beginners programmers, and programmers coming to C from the BASIC language often find using braces confusing or daunting. After all, the same curly braces replace the RETURN statement in a subroutine (function), the ENDIF statement in a conditional and the NEXT statement in a FOR loop.
+Beginners programmers, and programmers coming to C++ from the BASIC language often find using braces confusing or daunting. After all, the same curly braces replace the RETURN statement in a subroutine (function), the ENDIF statement in a conditional and the NEXT statement in a FOR loop.
 [%hardbreaks]
 Unbalanced braces can often lead to cryptic, impenetrable compiler errors that can sometimes be hard to track down in a large program. Because of their varied usages, braces are also incredibly important to the syntax of a program and moving a brace one or two lines will often dramatically affect the meaning of a program.
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Language/Structure/Further Syntax/define.adoc

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ subCategories: [ "Further Syntax" ]
 
 [float]
 === Description
-`#define` is a useful C component that allows the programmer to give a name to a constant value before the program is compiled. Defined constants in arduino don't take up any program memory space on the chip. The compiler will replace references to these constants with the defined value at compile time.
+`#define` is a useful C++ component that allows the programmer to give a name to a constant value before the program is compiled. Defined constants in arduino don't take up any program memory space on the chip. The compiler will replace references to these constants with the defined value at compile time.
 [%hardbreaks]
 
 This can have some unwanted side effects though, if for example, a constant name that had been #defined is included in some other constant or variable name. In that case the text would be replaced by the #defined number (or text).

Language/Variables/Data Types/array.adoc

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ subCategories: [ "Data Types" ]
 
 [float]
 === Description
-An array is a collection of variables that are accessed with an index number. Arrays in the C programming language, on which Arduino is based, can be complicated, but using simple arrays is relatively straightforward.
+An array is a collection of variables that are accessed with an index number. Arrays in the C++ programming language Arduino sketches are written in can be complicated, but using simple arrays is relatively straightforward.
 [float]
 === Creating (Declaring) an Array
 
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ int myArray[10]={9,3,2,4,3,2,7,8,9,11};
 For this reason you should be careful in accessing arrays. Accessing past the end of an array (using an index number greater than your declared array size - 1) is reading from memory that is in use for other purposes. Reading from these locations is probably not going to do much except yield invalid data. Writing to random memory locations is definitely a bad idea and can often lead to unhappy results such as crashes or program malfunction. This can also be a difficult bug to track down.
 [%hardbreaks]
 
-Unlike BASIC or JAVA, the C compiler does no checking to see if array access is within legal bounds of the array size that you have declared.
+Unlike BASIC or JAVA, the C++ compiler does no checking to see if array access is within legal bounds of the array size that you have declared.
 [%hardbreaks]
 
 [float]

Language/Variables/Data Types/string.adoc

@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ char myString[] = "This is the first line"
 
 It is often convenient, when working with large amounts of text, such as a project with an LCD display, to setup an array of strings. Because strings themselves are arrays, this is in actually an example of a two-dimensional array.
 
-In the code below, the asterisk after the datatype `char` "`char*`" indicates that this is an array of "`pointers`". All array names are actually pointers, so this is required to make an array of arrays. Pointers are one of the more esoteric parts of C for beginners to understand, but it isn't necessary to understand pointers in detail to use them effectively here.
+In the code below, the asterisk after the datatype `char` "`char*`" indicates that this is an array of "`pointers`". All array names are actually pointers, so this is required to make an array of arrays. Pointers are one of the more esoteric parts of C++ for beginners to understand, but it isn't necessary to understand pointers in detail to use them effectively here.
 
 --
 // OVERVIEW SECTION ENDS

Language/Variables/Utilities/PROGMEM.adoc

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ Note that because PROGMEM is a variable modifier, there is no hard and fast rule
 `const dataType PROGMEM variableName[] = {};   // not this one`
 
 
-While `PROGMEM` could be used on a single variable, it is really only worth the fuss if you have a larger block of data that needs to be stored, which is usually easiest in an array, (or another C data structure beyond our present discussion).
+While `PROGMEM` could be used on a single variable, it is really only worth the fuss if you have a larger block of data that needs to be stored, which is usually easiest in an array, (or another C++ data structure beyond our present discussion).
 
 Using `PROGMEM` is also a two-step procedure. After getting the data into Flash memory, it requires special methods (functions), also defined in the link:http://www.nongnu.org/avr-libc/user-manual/group\__avr__pgmspace.html[pgmspace.h] library, to read the data from program memory back into SRAM, so we can do something useful with it.
 

Language/Variables/Variable Scope & Qualifiers/scope.adoc

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ subCategories: [ "Variable Scope & Qualifiers" ]
 
 [float]
 === Description
-Variables in the C programming language, which Arduino uses, have a property called scope. This is in contrast to early versions of languages such as BASIC where every variable is a _global_ variable.
+Variables in the C++ programming language, which Arduino uses, have a property called scope. This is in contrast to early versions of languages such as BASIC where every variable is a _global_ variable.
 
 A global variable is one that can be seen by every function in a program. Local variables are only visible to the function in which they are declared. In the Arduino environment, any variable declared outside of a function (e.g. setup(), loop(), etc. ), is a _global_ variable.