From d9926afed7233a6da790a454bf5c8f74a6077a78 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jho1213gt Date: Wed, 4 May 2022 17:20:40 -0600 Subject: [PATCH 01/30] Initial commit --- .../05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md | 92 ++++++++++++++++++ .../05.5v-3v3/assets/ElegantRPP.png | Bin 0 -> 8753 bytes .../05.5v-3v3/assets/SimpleRPP.png | Bin 0 -> 3548 bytes 3 files changed, 92 insertions(+) create mode 100644 content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md create mode 100644 content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/assets/ElegantRPP.png create mode 100644 content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/assets/SimpleRPP.png diff --git a/content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md b/content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..904acd5fb0 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md @@ -0,0 +1,92 @@ +--- +title: 'Guide to 5V VS 3.3V' +description: 'Learn about the difference of 5V and 3.3V in world of electronics.' +tags: + - Power + - Electronic +author: 'Arduino, José Bagur, Taddy Chung' +--- + +## 5.0V vs. 3.3V + +Most electronic devices, when designed, tends to choose between 5.0V or 3.3V that will feed voltage to its designed system. Voltage design selection can be usually either due to its convenience of availability of the power source, or the need of power efficiency that the system itself has as a requirement. + +Although, 5.0V and 3.3V, in numerical difference, it has only 1.7V of difference. However, this voltage difference alone is sufficient enough to provide major power difference in eletronic system device. In this guide, we will show you about why 3.3V is the modern standard voltage level, and general tips when designing and handling these voltage levels. + +## 3.3V, the Standard Voltage Level + +So, why is the **3.3V** level a standard voltage level? There are several reasons that contributes for standardizing 3.3V level as a standard, and in world of electronics, as it is in engineering, we are in constant search for much more efficient and performant yet density-low package devices or machines. + +The industry is always moving forward, and in electronics, the transistors have reduced in its size than previous years and due to its reduced size, voltage threshold also follows the trend by going lower. The industry continuosly is working to develop faster electronic devices, and one general way to achieve this is to lower the applied voltage level. Lowering applied voltage level implies much faster logic level changes. Power usage is a concerning topic if we discuss about power efficiency, and lower voltage levels will help us achieve this goal. + +In the end, the industry has moved from 5V TTL by achieving lower optimal voltage level due to chip development improvement and introduction of CMOS (Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor). Also, it is always better to have a clear working standard which ensures compatbility of device development and operation. To manage this standard, **JEDEC Standard** made **JESD8 standard** which defines 3.3V level as the standard voltage level. + +***For more in-depth information about current microelectronic standards, please look into [JEDEC](https://www.jedec.org/)*** + +Usually, such broad classification given to **low power** electronic devices are usually defined at voltage of 3.3V to 5V with current at 0.5A to 3A for example. **High power** electronic devices can be designated for devices requiring 12V of voltage and 10A of current, and beyond. Although, in this two types of device classification, a common factor usually relies within by using 3.3V level internally. + +The power inputs and outputs may vary, depending on the requirement of the electronic design. Which it also means it could use ambiguous voltage levels mostly for power inputs, implying to drive the voltage down in most cases. In contrast, most of the electronic components and modules are regulated by its electrical specification. The electrical specification for these components used internally, in exception for specialized components for specific cases, are designed to have 3.3V as a operating voltage level, otherwise specified in range. + +***Fun Fact of 3.3V - The number 3.3 dates by going back to early days of IC (Integrated Circuit) development of semiconductor technology, and it is assumed that it is the result of RTL (Register-Transfer Level) designs*** + +## How **Not** to Burn the Electronic 101 + +Every electronic designer and developers driving the power lines of the electronic devices always keeps its effort to avoid frying the system. Depending on the power design integrated to the electronic device, it might be a slip of a hand to short the electronic or it could be an all-out effort to short the system. In the end, it is inevitable not to short the electronic if the misimplementation is made. So, how do we avoid frying the electronics? + +The simple answer to this is to **keep an eye** on it. The electronic devices, still at the moment, are not intelligent enough to avoid circuit short, and it is designed all by human engineers. Decoding further this present answer, it can be listed to following tips to take it into account. + +### Color Coded Power Lines + +Color coding the power lines is the easiest yet effective visual method of avoiding incorrectly connecting the power lines. One common issue for shorting the electronic device is often due to connecting the power lines inverted. When prototyping an electronic device, common mistake made by some developers is to use same color on every cable while being jumbled all over the places, making it impossible to identify which is which. This applies also to power lines. + +Color coding the power lines, the voltage and the Ground lines, makes much easier to identify which is the voltage cable and which is the Ground cable. Given the industry regulation, normally color Red is used to indicate Voltage line; while the color Black is used to indicate Ground line. The colors can be varied depending on the regulation that is applied given organization if required. For example, instead of Red for Voltage line, it can be either Brown or bright Orange. + +***For more information on electrical code, please have a look at [NFPA 70®](https://www.nfpa.org/NEC/electrical-codes-and-standards/NFPA-70?code=70) and [IEEE NESC®](https://standards.ieee.org/products-programs/nesc/)*** + +### Fuse Integration + +The smart way of protecting the electronic devices is to integrate an on-board power protection circuit. There are several designs to achieve this, and one common way to do is to use the **Fuse**. Using the fuse as part of the electronic offers inexpensive cost and power protection at certain extent. + +Fuse integration to electronic devices is not a difficult design process either. Usually it is found as bridge between operation circuit, and it requires using an intervention of a diode to complete the circuit protection. Following simple schematic shows a simple reverse polarity protection circuit that can be applied for DC electronic applications. + +![Simple Reverse Polarity Protection](assets/SimpleRPP.png) + +This simple reverse polarity protection circuit uses a fuse and a diode, that later connects to the circuit, which we can refer as the **Protected Load**. + +For the low power applications, if the power supply is connected with the polarities reversed, the diode will clamp the voltage to relatively low negative voltage. While, there will be a large current passing through to blow the fuse as the result of shorting the supply. The Load is protected and the user will have to change the fuse. + +As the simplicity of the circuit might work for low power applications, for high power applications, it changes the whole story. For high power applications, where the nominal operating current is matched to a fuse rated at much higher current, the fuse must receive higher than specified current to be broken in time. When it passes through the general diode, it will clamp to relatively high negative voltage. + +This in result will **damage** the Load, resulting in a useless protection circuit for high power applications; on the other hand, typically good implementations for low power circuits. Although, it is good practice to implement better protection design to keep the electronic as robust as possible and this is where a proper reverse polarity protection comes into play. + +### Reverse Polarity Protection + +Implementing complicated power protection circuit does not mean the Load is protected, as it could cost expensive yet defenseless. Depending on the component selection and cost for implementation, the solution can become much more elegant, and so is for reverse polarity protection. The following reverse polarity protection is designed by Mehdi Sadaghdar. + +![Complete Reverse Polarity Protection](assets/ElegantRPP.png) + +The key points of the circuit presented above are the Transient Voltage Supressor diode and the MOSFET of P-Channel type. This protection circuit will help you save the Protected Load and to have it as a good reference for protection design. Although due to its electric components, it becomes a little more advanced to cover in the scope of this guide. + +***If you are interested to go further in detail, you are in for a treat. Please have a look this [article](https://www.electroboom.com/?p=914) written by Mehdi Sadaghdar explained in-depth.*** + +### Over-Voltage and Over-Current Protection + +Sometimes the electronic device, that should receive 3.3V level of input from the supply may get on "dirty" tension. Causing the electronic device to suffer abnormal electronic behaviour, which is definitely undesired factor. As it could destabilize the system completely or change the logic forcefully due to changed logic range to be unrecognized. There are more of this such undesired behaviour, if over-voltage or over-current is introduced to the system. + +So for this matter, how do we protect the system? The solution can be based of the proper Reverse Polarity Protection showed previously. The proper Polarity Reverse Polarith Protection implements a bidirectional Transient Voltage Supressor while adding the P-Channel MOSFET with a zenerdiode and two resistors to get all its flavours. + +***To give quick explanation on Transient Voltage Supressor - It is a type of a diode that helps to protect high-spike voltages generated at the output of Power Supply.*** + +But a simple Reverse Polarity Protection, with a Transient Voltage Supressor diode can be used to protect the over-voltage and over-current issues. If you want to go further into protecting the Load from over-voltage and over-current, it is possible to integrate **Surge Stopper** to provide active protection. May increase the cost, however it is a good measure to protect the Load. + +## Stepping the Voltage - Level Shifters + +We now know how not to fry our electronic devices, and that includes our Arduino boards. The Arduino boards provide and relies on 3.3V and 5V levels. We will use a bidirectional Logic Level Converter to demonstrate stepping the voltage level, to feed the Arduino from a power supply of higher voltage level and to feed a module from the Arduino board. + +***The bidirectional Logic Level Converter to be used can be found [here](https://www.sparkfun.com/products/12009) from SparkFun.*** + +### Stepping Up + +### Stepping Down + +***If you are interested in stepping the voltage manually, please have a look at [here](https://randomnerdtutorials.com/how-to-level-shift-5v-to-3-3v/)*** \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/assets/ElegantRPP.png b/content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/assets/ElegantRPP.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..49b6342032b734ea4cc0000b095fee6efe60c2f4 GIT binary patch literal 8753 zcmeHsc{r5q`}Z{%*;8miQc78~L=hP(WJ}E0*Cb_Z*&~c7)l;^|mMr5bF~f{?#ukRY zJwzeP*q3_9mZh>3;k|A>&-eKK-ao#_@1OU0|9Iay4zByY?(06U>)g-tb3ZUO(c|S3 z<^lllUerHt1_0U?0MtVcb~v-!KVbq6oId*2egJR_Ab%*3p0N*3qWsMCbO5zYbQ<2U zxoI0~15gsj{nHr@z@a}cp4Y|(qvnP+69@lfvO7I8=pXvm`d8s{f{1mbQcRnm-312% zlNe^K^k`B>|DXp)qm~Kl@YE#f%8m28wO$?4Uuli%x)j%&T7et`5YCOLAR`c!^nm06 z;1K_RY+S5E0fLd{)|ct*?1PSHPXQ2Lme(}fYRd}1{^^*)bNF+;UI%n+0BHN;F%*#X zev2}`SDjVjfvsTxh^H3|0fL7SjdvfneQzOrr|k$7p!gZ{2KS&1EK&M88jKk2#k`4-5YP~~p@19?)Dh{M31{ildSxXZeJXpjDK)`M~3yANwvl`fZNmufhWeB>% zdjWx~C{WzedE=+yfRn$p!U2nFzFs*j8W7nKHA9yI$hb!imz7m(4>gpK1$83m>}?oX zl~saIwXP9`q|Kqs7}Bq#yUNx`e4(}U!8!TR{6uItLdnSL9A3LsBO>h>kHu@aP7EPv zG0W0kMz(39kLDRbm1kU+fO0D_BBBAt1kw8EkJwNEzCVG21|El@aS?7JubC+JOwvYK zobd4l&|HBU6p-oTDpTEDvFBaJ_w~_@YOiX`S`^p52$Htk}JdjYr{~kApZZhCVDJ`raVShhVZDkg;7F{EBt|4ls zZ(PeyV8+OJ&(+;xP(EMb(J?9mpe*8I$!1+{vH$1I4Og?zkRLD&ZG&h-BI~Ws+Ldj7 z2pibqwt>W2B;d4gRd&h=Cm5uTKZT_4cxFx+G(*Gl*$LU?Pzqez>WsE=nT14%M##)b z9>bdA0IF6Y0rE8_29JwTx`Tz=hy3Gfhy<1CCJr>W(gKnz_B9k-(gkRckM8rSH!+VH z!L2G&{|N;EFb@4soE7f>AD#Js^8BSYWCCohw|oD#`s4drC)^vCC02C8n-@CwRpa97 zyZn0qK^ftrS;wEDeqj;1zBHn3dD_vd_5w*%`|J*ABiFa5N(3M3-pz6I+yMY$CmHVY zKaCFDcBt}%j&KP&0^`Pu#vq1&>-w?lYyeXg zO*tibeZq+S1$etZT>j#hy7!(g?bYplTHAC&T=dvQi!CC2W~$g39Z!;<>5cx*MumB0 znTk41)Z)h(^I{wy5^45sTf3{~KYShOh3;?A$0hpW>kfj78IA8g&jmEH{*VV+$3My( zZf`@n^yVP91&AO>^{`P)OfH_dU%gO9a@ji!2-3P21a%eE)`x?K2)5O&l zp@71Lz81-ij^&ofKNA)!#uqEg!}e4*)@np-%&ntSGQNbXXqZntQr60k>Q%2yap6A> z4d~m*4-eW;sJ; zp8>5_G-O;X`JBqh;`Sl&CU9TT4V%`MnVaalUWa*kqA0*eu1VbISffSazI(BFoo2aK zqhY$_+o!gHvnwyW&M1!?AH`v$ebAMuw1ryR`H1cjI*aXUSEw)m=N3fzu6sEts$PE0 zY-mZ?AFM11D?OFg%C{OCd|+#4%X1)N>t{{m<%o?6wdZsfpY{cjTR%yvZ@S+9 zHFcl1uznf$hg94TJ66kuoXKxCJ9>S2%*vW}xG|G-`&ypoHoO`VCq>w5MT?5qJw~S- z&3JK&K04ga(tC5*#U-8t6D>UIT^qv!#*O=0_dL@qIelwzpq|a%)|#MeEM9E zt2pTSI=L>$XsyFTb$O!6{=i0pBj!DlWFx13yI{Hd z?_z!_wo<@Zrhh8N$I{}4m*-J&4ZFaYJp!g>Uh!SLcX&eP^OibJ_%>3?mJWU!t<}2r zM5u;01BmRrS>M&;u)Uy0KE?M);2`l9-)%^l{?^4f_(ZXezzaZ`0?8Rt*Z=0zMs zu^xVgmC{BTFD}VoMq=40mi1c`i`Fg+^thEKm~9*fIQZQ?N((;Bxg6dBOM^<wRgU>2B%!C8=~b=@dzW_)Bh zFXIspP+wDG1@X$xGJ+o;F#^0r0IMVL{TRjx2nE+AOi`?{p)DniI2=-3m?|ezFdW)4 z7<+2)aQia%)rCj^{IT?rw4IxPk>M@z!F8*8)G|EfG~SH-L6!P>Z=LG*jZZuhfIx;> z2{x;O=LsT#OcD(iU2Q+M!=xi zgqg|g$*~>!_?eCKG#S%7e`l29u^+Q>sJ6eNP<&f6JEP;+6U?I~hnQ8@Hj-qT6efSf zUE2Ej^ZVDTescZKkpM=|N_fd0=U^V1s2)QQR!hYXi<1>!6$b~grTuQjxr z1uNrtYa})9WE}W$#k=Uk%}=LUJ|VfKkMc?E1=&Vz&}ypMf3##4eIZFYb@l0HNuLAr z_B5*d98!;_ZJxIddPYvR<1iw<8Nz$FEu4zIoSzCaG~pZ*TahA+HQ^n{(R^w0KA8pN zD6?eY;@B?}9Nl`z%lXa$_%}j1!wY|qg~V%>kJTHzOBFXgffR!=@6d@yW0GB1Z{sN7 zrU9=Nu7JfH$zRbT78Nh{oeW}K>Sp!DQC!v6g3gq_Jeyct_&h#fzVdPd7Y`>qJcnYT zQ|+s()~^&WIQ)JpU$bA>{3@#iYL{iD`BOlUf~nCdxqfqfOY8P^r_M|kOKp7BQvXIW zFYEP#S zq!wUg0;Cpql_x%1shp9|?cCazb{JaGnBY+!GMX~)KJaY|dzmRBuhLg}m&p5BOa9?I=gLHY{eqo5#yO?+!H! 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Voltage design selection can be usually either due to its convenience of availability of the power source, or the need of power efficiency that the system itself has as a requirement. -Although, 5.0V and 3.3V, in numerical difference, it has only 1.7V of difference. However, this voltage difference alone is sufficient enough to provide major power difference in eletronic system device. In this guide, we will show you about why 3.3V is the modern standard voltage level, and general tips when designing and handling these voltage levels. +Although, 5.0V and 3.3V, in numerical difference, it has only 1.7V of difference. However, this voltage difference alone is sufficient enough to provide major power difference in electronic system device. In this guide, we will show you about why 3.3V is the modern standard voltage level, and general tips when designing and handling these voltage levels. ## 3.3V, the Standard Voltage Level So, why is the **3.3V** level a standard voltage level? There are several reasons that contributes for standardizing 3.3V level as a standard, and in world of electronics, as it is in engineering, we are in constant search for much more efficient and performant yet density-low package devices or machines. -The industry is always moving forward, and in electronics, the transistors have reduced in its size than previous years and due to its reduced size, voltage threshold also follows the trend by going lower. The industry continuosly is working to develop faster electronic devices, and one general way to achieve this is to lower the applied voltage level. Lowering applied voltage level implies much faster logic level changes. Power usage is a concerning topic if we discuss about power efficiency, and lower voltage levels will help us achieve this goal. +The industry is always moving forward, and in electronics, the transistors have reduced in its size than previous years and due to its reduced size, voltage threshold also follows the trend by going lower. The industry continuously is working to develop faster electronic devices, and one general way to achieve this is to lower the applied voltage level. Lowering applied voltage level implies much faster logic level changes. Power usage is a concerning topic if we discuss about power efficiency, and lower voltage levels will help us achieve this goal. -In the end, the industry has moved from 5V TTL by achieving lower optimal voltage level due to chip development improvement and introduction of CMOS (Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor). Also, it is always better to have a clear working standard which ensures compatbility of device development and operation. To manage this standard, **JEDEC Standard** made **JESD8 standard** which defines 3.3V level as the standard voltage level. +In the end, the industry has moved from 5V TTL by achieving lower optimal voltage level due to chip development improvement and introduction of CMOS (Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor). Also, it is always better to have a clear working standard which ensures compatibility of device development and operation. To manage this standard, **JEDEC Standard** made **JESD8 standard** which defines 3.3V level as the standard voltage level. ***For more in-depth information about current microelectronic standards, please look into [JEDEC](https://www.jedec.org/)*** @@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ Implementing complicated power protection circuit does not mean the Load is prot ![Complete Reverse Polarity Protection](assets/ElegantRPP.png) -The key points of the circuit presented above are the Transient Voltage Supressor diode and the MOSFET of P-Channel type. This protection circuit will help you save the Protected Load and to have it as a good reference for protection design. Although due to its electric components, it becomes a little more advanced to cover in the scope of this guide. +The key points of the circuit presented above are the Transient Voltage Suppressor diode and the MOSFET of P-Channel type. This protection circuit will help you save the Protected Load and to have it as a good reference for protection design. Although due to its electric components, it becomes a little more advanced to cover in the scope of this guide. ***If you are interested to go further in detail, you are in for a treat. Please have a look this [article](https://www.electroboom.com/?p=914) written by Mehdi Sadaghdar explained in-depth.*** @@ -73,11 +73,11 @@ The key points of the circuit presented above are the Transient Voltage Supresso Sometimes the electronic device, that should receive 3.3V level of input from the supply may get on "dirty" tension. Causing the electronic device to suffer abnormal electronic behaviour, which is definitely undesired factor. As it could destabilize the system completely or change the logic forcefully due to changed logic range to be unrecognized. There are more of this such undesired behaviour, if over-voltage or over-current is introduced to the system. -So for this matter, how do we protect the system? The solution can be based of the proper Reverse Polarity Protection showed previously. The proper Polarity Reverse Polarith Protection implements a bidirectional Transient Voltage Supressor while adding the P-Channel MOSFET with a zenerdiode and two resistors to get all its flavours. +So for this matter, how do we protect the system? The solution can be based of the proper Reverse Polarity Protection showed previously. The proper Polarity Reverse Polarith Protection implements a bidirectional Transient Voltage Suppressor while adding the P-Channel MOSFET with a zenerdiode and two resistors to get all its flavours. -***To give quick explanation on Transient Voltage Supressor - It is a type of a diode that helps to protect high-spike voltages generated at the output of Power Supply.*** +***To give quick explanation on Transient Voltage Suppressor - It is a type of a diode that helps to protect high-spike voltages generated at the output of Power Supply.*** -But a simple Reverse Polarity Protection, with a Transient Voltage Supressor diode can be used to protect the over-voltage and over-current issues. If you want to go further into protecting the Load from over-voltage and over-current, it is possible to integrate **Surge Stopper** to provide active protection. May increase the cost, however it is a good measure to protect the Load. +But a simple Reverse Polarity Protection, with a Transient Voltage Suppressor diode can be used to protect the over-voltage and over-current issues. If you want to go further into protecting the Load from over-voltage and over-current, it is possible to integrate **Surge Stopper** to provide active protection. May increase the cost, however it is a good measure to protect the Load. ## Stepping the Voltage - Level Shifters From 294ba0a6c71091762d8768bf54b6ddcf93045539 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?Karl=20S=C3=B6derby?= <35461661+karlsoderby@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Thu, 5 May 2022 10:22:45 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 03/30] Update 5v-3v3-guide.md --- content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md b/content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md index b2b808bb51..4655bfa79f 100644 --- a/content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md +++ b/content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md @@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ The power inputs and outputs may vary, depending on the requirement of the elect ***Fun Fact of 3.3V - The number 3.3 dates by going back to early days of IC (Integrated Circuit) development of semiconductor technology, and it is assumed that it is the result of RTL (Register-Transfer Level) designs*** -## How **Not** to Burn the Electronic 101 +## How Not to Burn the Electronic 101 Every electronic designer and developers driving the power lines of the electronic devices always keeps its effort to avoid frying the system. Depending on the power design integrated to the electronic device, it might be a slip of a hand to short the electronic or it could be an all-out effort to short the system. In the end, it is inevitable not to short the electronic if the misimplementation is made. So, how do we avoid frying the electronics? From c9281dfa729d8db199b7e5ff78c07cf175525650 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jho1213gt Date: Tue, 10 May 2022 18:42:11 -0600 Subject: [PATCH 04/30] Article Contente Update --- .../05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md | 43 ++++++++++++++++-- .../05.5v-3v3/assets/StepDown.png | Bin 0 -> 5159 bytes .../05.5v-3v3/assets/StepUpDiode.png | Bin 0 -> 7155 bytes .../05.5v-3v3/assets/StepUpMOSFET.png | Bin 0 -> 10324 bytes .../05.5v-3v3/assets/StepUpShifter.png | Bin 0 -> 8990 bytes 5 files changed, 40 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-) create mode 100644 content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/assets/StepDown.png create mode 100644 content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/assets/StepUpDiode.png create mode 100644 content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/assets/StepUpMOSFET.png create mode 100644 content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/assets/StepUpShifter.png diff --git a/content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md b/content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md index 4655bfa79f..1c702f0d2e 100644 --- a/content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md +++ b/content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md @@ -81,12 +81,49 @@ But a simple Reverse Polarity Protection, with a Transient Voltage Suppressor di ## Stepping the Voltage - Level Shifters -We now know how not to fry our electronic devices, and that includes our Arduino boards. The Arduino boards provide and relies on 3.3V and 5V levels. We will use a bidirectional Logic Level Converter to demonstrate stepping the voltage level, to feed the Arduino from a power supply of higher voltage level and to feed a module from the Arduino board. +We now know how not to fry our electronic devices, and that includes our Arduino boards. The Arduino boards provide and relies on 3.3V and 5V levels. But sometimes there may not be available pins that matches the voltage requirement to adequately drive the sensor or any such line. You will get to know basic of stepping down and up the voltage required using simple electronic circuit. + +We will also use a bidirectional Logic Level Converter to step the voltage level, to be able to use sensors or logics at higher or lower voltage levels. This is an option to use if tight electric specification is implemented on the board. ***The bidirectional Logic Level Converter to be used can be found [here](https://www.sparkfun.com/products/12009) from SparkFun.*** +### Stepping Down + +We will begin by learning how to step down the voltage. Usually, voltage is driven down to lower level needed by the external module or sensors. It can also be due to need of lower voltage line to handle a separate circuit. It is crucial that you know the electric requirement that will demand if the electronic design is more complex than usual design. Such as tight electric specification and multiple signal lines to handle with operating at high speeds. + +The **Voltage Divider** is the simplest yet easy to implement solution. It uses 2 resistors to create a lower voltage output. So, knowing the Input Voltage and targeted Output Voltage and a reference resistor, it is simple enough to calculate the other required resistor to implement to produce desired result. The Votlage Divider is as follows. + +![Voltage/Resistive Divider](assets/StepDown.png) + +As it is as simple as it can be, when using this circuit, you will need to be cautious of the residing capacitance that is connected at the output of this circuit and with the quick rise times. + ### Stepping Up -### Stepping Down +On the contrary to stepping down the voltage using simple voltage divider, to **step up** the voltage, due to uncompatible TTL threshold scenario as in the previous, you will need to use a little bit more constructive electric circuit by using diodes. Following circuit shows how it is done. + +![Step Up Circuit - Diode Implementation](assets/StepUpDiode.png) + +You will need to biase the diodes with precaution and the resistor that is much lower than the input impedance of the 5V gate. One of the know-hows shared by Microchip is to use a **Schottky** diodes to gain slight high-level voltage and reduce low-level voltage from incrementing. Following circuit uses a different setup. + +![Step Up Circuit - MOSFET](assets/StepUpMOSFET.png) + +This circuit uses the MOSFET as a switch and takes the 5V logic from the drain. It is useful if the logic inversion can be treated, as 3.3V logic becomes inverted. To begin with MOSFET, a 2N7000 or a BSS138 MOSFET can be used for this circuit. + +### Bi-Directional Logic Level Converter + +Previous electric circuits are **uni-directional** logic level shifters. Meaning that to use different stepping configuration, you will need to change the entire electric circuit to go from stepping up to down, and vice-versa. On top of it, if the electronic size is factor to take it into account, then you can use a off-the-shelf logic level converter. + +You can use the [Bi-Directional Logic Level Shifter](https://www.sparkfun.com/products/12009) from SparkFun to test and also for deployment if the requirements enables its integration. The advantage of this particular shifter is that it provdies 4 channels to shift within the voltage references given. High Voltage level and Low Voltage level references are injected with desired voltage level and channels are used to transmit the data in between. + +![Step Down - Logic Shifter](assets/StepDownShifter.png) + +The circuit above uses the bi-directional logic shifter to establish I2C interface with any sensor capable of the protocol. The SCL and SDA lines go through a High Voltage channel and establishes communication with the sensor that is connected at its respective Low Voltage Channel. + +## Further Reading and Resources + +Handling different voltage levels covers vast electronic department, and without exception for 3.3V and 5V levels which are the most used voltage levels. To get deeper into the topic handling voltage levels, you can follow some of the links that might get our attention. + +- If you want to know about some know-hows from Microchip, you can read [Microchip: 3V Tips 'n Tricks](https://www.newark.com/pdfs/techarticles/microchip/3_3vto5vAnalogTipsnTricksBrchr.pdf) to learn about wide variety of techniques used with 3.3V and 5V levels. +- Level Shifting the voltage has its own science dedicated to it and Philips Semiconductor welcomes you if you are ready learn deeper about [Bi-Directional Level Shifter for I2C Bus and Other Systems](http://cdn.sparkfun.com/tutorialimages/BD-LogicLevelConverter/an97055.pdf) with their Application Note AN97055. -***If you are interested in stepping the voltage manually, please have a look at [here](https://randomnerdtutorials.com/how-to-level-shift-5v-to-3-3v/)*** \ No newline at end of file +## References \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/assets/StepDown.png 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content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md b/content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md index 1c702f0d2e..d132c4a226 100644 --- a/content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md +++ b/content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md @@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ This circuit uses the MOSFET as a switch and takes the 5V logic from the drain. Previous electric circuits are **uni-directional** logic level shifters. Meaning that to use different stepping configuration, you will need to change the entire electric circuit to go from stepping up to down, and vice-versa. On top of it, if the electronic size is factor to take it into account, then you can use a off-the-shelf logic level converter. -You can use the [Bi-Directional Logic Level Shifter](https://www.sparkfun.com/products/12009) from SparkFun to test and also for deployment if the requirements enables its integration. The advantage of this particular shifter is that it provdies 4 channels to shift within the voltage references given. High Voltage level and Low Voltage level references are injected with desired voltage level and channels are used to transmit the data in between. +You can use the [Bi-Directional Logic Level Shifter](https://www.sparkfun.com/products/12009) from SparkFun to test and also for deployment if the requirements enables its integration. The advantage of this particular shifter is that it provides 4 channels to shift within the voltage references given. High Voltage level and Low Voltage level references are injected with desired voltage level and channels are used to transmit the data in between. ![Step Down - Logic Shifter](assets/StepDownShifter.png) From c351dacec58880e20b54db0e97423c7900baf874 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jho1213gt Date: Fri, 13 May 2022 18:31:18 -0600 Subject: [PATCH 06/30] Minor Article Update --- .../02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md | 2 +- .../assets/{StepUpShifter.png => BD_LC.png} | Bin 2 files changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) rename content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/assets/{StepUpShifter.png => BD_LC.png} (100%) diff --git a/content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md b/content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md index d132c4a226..c16c72d4d1 100644 --- a/content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md +++ b/content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md @@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ Previous electric circuits are **uni-directional** logic level shifters. Meaning You can use the [Bi-Directional Logic Level Shifter](https://www.sparkfun.com/products/12009) from SparkFun to test and also for deployment if the requirements enables its integration. The advantage of this particular shifter is that it provides 4 channels to shift within the voltage references given. High Voltage level and Low Voltage level references are injected with desired voltage level and channels are used to transmit the data in between. -![Step Down - Logic Shifter](assets/StepDownShifter.png) +![Voltage Stepping- Logic Shifter](assets/BD_LC.png) The circuit above uses the bi-directional logic shifter to establish I2C interface with any sensor capable of the protocol. The SCL and SDA lines go through a High Voltage channel and establishes communication with the sensor that is connected at its respective Low Voltage Channel. diff --git a/content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/assets/StepUpShifter.png b/content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/assets/BD_LC.png similarity index 100% rename from content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/assets/StepUpShifter.png rename to content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/assets/BD_LC.png From 604688001307e7d93bd4c2fe9ec24c86b640a20a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jho1213gt Date: Sat, 14 May 2022 15:27:47 -0600 Subject: [PATCH 07/30] Artice Content Update --- .../05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md | 14 ++++++++++++-- .../05.5v-3v3/assets/BDLC_Insight.png | Bin 0 -> 8646 bytes 2 files changed, 12 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) create mode 100644 content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/assets/BDLC_Insight.png diff --git a/content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md b/content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md index c16c72d4d1..99255f9747 100644 --- a/content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md +++ b/content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md @@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ Usually, such broad classification given to **low power** electronic devices are The power inputs and outputs may vary, depending on the requirement of the electronic design. Which it also means it could use ambiguous voltage levels mostly for power inputs, implying to drive the voltage down in most cases. In contrast, most of the electronic components and modules are regulated by its electrical specification. The electrical specification for these components used internally, in exception for specialized components for specific cases, are designed to have 3.3V as a operating voltage level, otherwise specified in range. -***Fun Fact of 3.3V - The number 3.3 dates by going back to early days of IC (Integrated Circuit) development of semiconductor technology, and it is assumed that it is the result of RTL (Register-Transfer Level) designs*** +***Fun Fact of 3.3V - The number 3.3 dates by going back to early days of IC (Integrated Circuit) development of semiconductor technology, and it is rumoured that it is the result of RTL (Register-Transfer Level) designs*** ## How Not to Burn the Electronic 101 @@ -119,6 +119,12 @@ You can use the [Bi-Directional Logic Level Shifter](https://www.sparkfun.com/pr The circuit above uses the bi-directional logic shifter to establish I2C interface with any sensor capable of the protocol. The SCL and SDA lines go through a High Voltage channel and establishes communication with the sensor that is connected at its respective Low Voltage Channel. +The configuration of the Logic Shifter usually does not change, as the the purpose is to transmit the signal from a High to a Low Level or vice-versa, depending on the architecture operation. Thus, the previous schematic illustrates usual global connection configuration. As it can be to interface the Arduino board with another computing module working on a different voltage level. Below schematic shows the specific of each channel and focus the scope inside the schematic symbol box of the Logic Shifter. + +![Logic Shifter Insight](assets/BDLC_Insight.png) + +Each channel is composed by two resistors and a MOSFET that will use the reference High and Low voltages to transfer the signal from the respective module. + ## Further Reading and Resources Handling different voltage levels covers vast electronic department, and without exception for 3.3V and 5V levels which are the most used voltage levels. To get deeper into the topic handling voltage levels, you can follow some of the links that might get our attention. @@ -126,4 +132,8 @@ Handling different voltage levels covers vast electronic department, and without - If you want to know about some know-hows from Microchip, you can read [Microchip: 3V Tips 'n Tricks](https://www.newark.com/pdfs/techarticles/microchip/3_3vto5vAnalogTipsnTricksBrchr.pdf) to learn about wide variety of techniques used with 3.3V and 5V levels. - Level Shifting the voltage has its own science dedicated to it and Philips Semiconductor welcomes you if you are ready learn deeper about [Bi-Directional Level Shifter for I2C Bus and Other Systems](http://cdn.sparkfun.com/tutorialimages/BD-LogicLevelConverter/an97055.pdf) with their Application Note AN97055. -## References \ No newline at end of file +## References + +[1] Larsson, E. (2006). Introduction to Advanced System-on-Chip Test Design and Optimization. Springer Publishing.
+[2] Kularatna, N. (2018). DC Power Supplies Power Management and Surge Protection for Power Electronic Systems. Amsterdam University Press.
+[3] Ballan, H., & Declercq, M. (2010). High Voltage Devices and Circuits in Standard CMOS Technologies. 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It uses ![Voltage/Resistive Divider](assets/StepDown.png) -As it is as simple as it can be, when using this circuit, you will need to be cautious of the residing capacitance that is connected at the output of this circuit and with the quick rise times. +As it is as simple as it can be, when using this circuit, you will need to be cautious of the residing capacitance that is connected at the output of this circuit and with the quick rise times, as for certain application with cautious timing requirements or modules non-response to quick rise times will be affected. ### Stepping Up From e29f6e3ba8314baf8774dd1378ebb6f0a21e103d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: TaddyHC <94547080+TaddyHC@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Mon, 16 May 2022 16:35:32 -0600 Subject: [PATCH 09/30] Update content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Co-authored-by: Karl Söderby <35461661+karlsoderby@users.noreply.github.com> --- content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md b/content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md index 4fc45b5dee..9c4774318e 100644 --- a/content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md +++ b/content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ --- -title: 'Guide to 5V VS 3.3V' +title: 'Guide to 3.3V and 5V Logic Level Differences' description: 'Learn about the difference of 5V and 3.3V in world of electronics, with protective measures to help you design & build robust electronics.' tags: - Power From 663508e6f402bdc6c9bcac9200eb5fa3a523640d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: TaddyHC <94547080+TaddyHC@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Mon, 16 May 2022 16:35:41 -0600 Subject: [PATCH 10/30] Update content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Co-authored-by: Karl Söderby <35461661+karlsoderby@users.noreply.github.com> --- content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md | 4 +--- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 3 deletions(-) diff --git a/content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md b/content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md index 9c4774318e..05d455340e 100644 --- a/content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md +++ b/content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ --- title: 'Guide to 3.3V and 5V Logic Level Differences' description: 'Learn about the difference of 5V and 3.3V in world of electronics, with protective measures to help you design & build robust electronics.' -tags: - - Power - - Electronic +tags: [5V, 3.3V, Electronics, Power] author: 'Arduino, José Bagur, Taddy Chung' --- From 0845e9c796a43dfa8543e203c786e7e4e1918911 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: TaddyHC <94547080+TaddyHC@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Mon, 16 May 2022 16:35:50 -0600 Subject: [PATCH 11/30] Update content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Co-authored-by: Karl Söderby <35461661+karlsoderby@users.noreply.github.com> --- content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md b/content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md index 05d455340e..39f9d9134b 100644 --- a/content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md +++ b/content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ title: 'Guide to 3.3V and 5V Logic Level Differences' description: 'Learn about the difference of 5V and 3.3V in world of electronics, with protective measures to help you design & build robust electronics.' tags: [5V, 3.3V, Electronics, Power] -author: 'Arduino, José Bagur, Taddy Chung' +author: 'José Bagur, Taddy Chung' --- ## 5.0V vs. 3.3V From a7646816eda1535bfe77f9b6abc99696575cee7c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: TaddyHC <94547080+TaddyHC@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Mon, 16 May 2022 16:36:44 -0600 Subject: [PATCH 12/30] Update content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Co-authored-by: Karl Söderby <35461661+karlsoderby@users.noreply.github.com> --- content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md b/content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md index 39f9d9134b..feeaf4c5e8 100644 --- a/content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md +++ b/content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md @@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ author: 'José Bagur, Taddy Chung' Most electronic devices, when designed, tends to choose between 5.0V or 3.3V that will feed voltage to its designed system. Voltage design selection can be usually either due to its convenience of availability of the power source, or the need of power efficiency that the system itself has as a requirement. -Although, 5.0V and 3.3V, in numerical difference, it has only 1.7V of difference. However, this voltage difference alone is sufficient enough to provide major power difference in electronic system device. In this guide, we will show you about why 3.3V is the modern standard voltage level, and general tips when designing and handling these voltage levels. +Although 5.0V and 3.3V in numerical difference only have a 1.7V of difference it is sufficient enough to provide major power difference in electronic systems. In this guide, we will show you why 3.3V is the modern standard voltage level, and general tips when designing and handling these voltage levels. ## 3.3V, the Standard Voltage Level From e52da83c84d6a0cd91a9b46712f79c9a8d1b2732 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: TaddyHC <94547080+TaddyHC@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Mon, 16 May 2022 16:45:41 -0600 Subject: [PATCH 13/30] Update content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Co-authored-by: Karl Söderby <35461661+karlsoderby@users.noreply.github.com> --- content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md b/content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md index feeaf4c5e8..0813e2ba94 100644 --- a/content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md +++ b/content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md @@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ Although 5.0V and 3.3V in numerical difference only have a 1.7V of difference it ## 3.3V, the Standard Voltage Level -So, why is the **3.3V** level a standard voltage level? There are several reasons that contributes for standardizing 3.3V level as a standard, and in world of electronics, as it is in engineering, we are in constant search for much more efficient and performant yet density-low package devices or machines. +So, why is the **3.3V** level a standard voltage level? There are several reasons that contributes for standardising the 3.3V level, and in world of electronics, we are in constant search for more efficient and performant yet density-low package devices or machines. The industry is always moving forward, and in electronics, the transistors have reduced in its size than previous years and due to its reduced size, voltage threshold also follows the trend by going lower. The industry continuously is working to develop faster electronic devices, and one general way to achieve this is to lower the applied voltage level. Lowering applied voltage level implies much faster logic level changes. Power usage is a concerning topic if we discuss about power efficiency, and lower voltage levels will help us achieve this goal. From 6efe4afd24a1217d2135dbded3d3327c6aa04ba1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: TaddyHC <94547080+TaddyHC@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Mon, 16 May 2022 16:46:20 -0600 Subject: [PATCH 14/30] Update content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Co-authored-by: Karl Söderby <35461661+karlsoderby@users.noreply.github.com> --- content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md b/content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md index 0813e2ba94..810ba4d5d3 100644 --- a/content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md +++ b/content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md @@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ Usually, such broad classification given to **low power** electronic devices are The power inputs and outputs may vary, depending on the requirement of the electronic design. Which it also means it could use ambiguous voltage levels mostly for power inputs, implying to drive the voltage down in most cases. In contrast, most of the electronic components and modules are regulated by its electrical specification. The electrical specification for these components used internally, in exception for specialized components for specific cases, are designed to have 3.3V as a operating voltage level, otherwise specified in range. -***Fun Fact of 3.3V - The number 3.3 dates by going back to early days of IC (Integrated Circuit) development of semiconductor technology, and it is rumoured that it is the result of RTL (Register-Transfer Level) designs*** +***Fun Fact of 3.3V - The number 3.3 dates by going back to early days of IC (Integrated Circuit) development of semiconductor technology, and it is rumoured that it is the result of RTL (Register-Transfer Level) designs.*** ## How Not to Burn the Electronic 101 From 368e3f1b20edbf978172ba7db8eeba77c48b025a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: TaddyHC <94547080+TaddyHC@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Mon, 16 May 2022 16:46:27 -0600 Subject: [PATCH 15/30] Update content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Co-authored-by: Karl Söderby <35461661+karlsoderby@users.noreply.github.com> --- content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md b/content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md index 810ba4d5d3..1eb8944cf1 100644 --- a/content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md +++ b/content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md @@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ The power inputs and outputs may vary, depending on the requirement of the elect ***Fun Fact of 3.3V - The number 3.3 dates by going back to early days of IC (Integrated Circuit) development of semiconductor technology, and it is rumoured that it is the result of RTL (Register-Transfer Level) designs.*** -## How Not to Burn the Electronic 101 +## How to Avoid Burning Circuits 101 Every electronic designer and developers driving the power lines of the electronic devices always keeps its effort to avoid frying the system. Depending on the power design integrated to the electronic device, it might be a slip of a hand to short the electronic or it could be an all-out effort to short the system. In the end, it is inevitable not to short the electronic if the misimplementation is made. So, how do we avoid frying the electronics? From cf7bd86560e4c4a2fb7afc923e8240a2e94bb376 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: TaddyHC <94547080+TaddyHC@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Mon, 16 May 2022 16:46:56 -0600 Subject: [PATCH 16/30] Update content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Co-authored-by: Karl Söderby <35461661+karlsoderby@users.noreply.github.com> --- content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md b/content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md index 1eb8944cf1..239932ef52 100644 --- a/content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md +++ b/content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md @@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ This simple reverse polarity protection circuit uses a fuse and a diode, that la For the low power applications, if the power supply is connected with the polarities reversed, the diode will clamp the voltage to relatively low negative voltage. While, there will be a large current passing through to blow the fuse as the result of shorting the supply. The Load is protected and the user will have to change the fuse. -As the simplicity of the circuit might work for low power applications, for high power applications, it changes the whole story. For high power applications, where the nominal operating current is matched to a fuse rated at much higher current, the fuse must receive higher than specified current to be broken in time. When it passes through the general diode, it will clamp to relatively high negative voltage. +As the simplicity of the circuit might work for low power applications, it is different for high power applications. For high power applications, where the nominal operating current is matched to a fuse rated at much higher current, the fuse must receive higher than specified current to be broken in time. When it passes through the general diode, it will clamp to relatively high negative voltage. This in result will **damage** the Load, resulting in a useless protection circuit for high power applications; on the other hand, typically good implementations for low power circuits. Although, it is good practice to implement better protection design to keep the electronic as robust as possible and this is where a proper reverse polarity protection comes into play. From c142b1780736e57f06baab12643e59ca09d9f474 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: TaddyHC <94547080+TaddyHC@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Mon, 16 May 2022 16:47:37 -0600 Subject: [PATCH 17/30] Update content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Co-authored-by: Karl Söderby <35461661+karlsoderby@users.noreply.github.com> --- content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md b/content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md index 239932ef52..285b06a9b4 100644 --- a/content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md +++ b/content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md @@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ For the low power applications, if the power supply is connected with the polari As the simplicity of the circuit might work for low power applications, it is different for high power applications. For high power applications, where the nominal operating current is matched to a fuse rated at much higher current, the fuse must receive higher than specified current to be broken in time. When it passes through the general diode, it will clamp to relatively high negative voltage. -This in result will **damage** the Load, resulting in a useless protection circuit for high power applications; on the other hand, typically good implementations for low power circuits. Although, it is good practice to implement better protection design to keep the electronic as robust as possible and this is where a proper reverse polarity protection comes into play. +As a result, this will **damage the load**, resulting in a useless protection circuit for high power applications; on the other hand, typically good implementations for low power circuits. Although, it is good practice to implement better protection design to keep the electronic as robust as possible and this is where a proper reverse polarity protection comes into play. ### Reverse Polarity Protection From 55b91e8b124e1ff589d4ff2c5665c41d2fe2eab1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: TaddyHC <94547080+TaddyHC@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Mon, 16 May 2022 16:48:10 -0600 Subject: [PATCH 18/30] Update content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Co-authored-by: Karl Söderby <35461661+karlsoderby@users.noreply.github.com> --- content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md b/content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md index 285b06a9b4..efad26e68e 100644 --- a/content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md +++ b/content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md @@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ As a result, this will **damage the load**, resulting in a useless protection ci ### Reverse Polarity Protection -Implementing complicated power protection circuit does not mean the Load is protected, as it could cost expensive yet defenseless. Depending on the component selection and cost for implementation, the solution can become much more elegant, and so is for reverse polarity protection. The following reverse polarity protection is designed by Mehdi Sadaghdar. +Implementing complicated power protection circuit does not mean the load is protected. Depending on the component selection and cost for implementation, the solution can become much more elegant, and the same applies for reverse polarity protection. The following reverse polarity protection is designed by Mehdi Sadaghdar. ![Complete Reverse Polarity Protection](assets/ElegantRPP.png) From 882e72f3c2def13f22db7c224664f104dc4d70c6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: TaddyHC <94547080+TaddyHC@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Mon, 16 May 2022 16:48:28 -0600 Subject: [PATCH 19/30] Update content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Co-authored-by: Karl Söderby <35461661+karlsoderby@users.noreply.github.com> --- content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md b/content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md index efad26e68e..25d7bcb8ec 100644 --- a/content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md +++ b/content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md @@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ Implementing complicated power protection circuit does not mean the load is prot The key points of the circuit presented above are the Transient Voltage Suppressor diode and the MOSFET of P-Channel type. This protection circuit will help you save the Protected Load and to have it as a good reference for protection design. Although due to its electric components, it becomes a little more advanced to cover in the scope of this guide. -***If you are interested to go further in detail, you are in for a treat. Please have a look this [article](https://www.electroboom.com/?p=914) written by Mehdi Sadaghdar explained in-depth.*** +***If you are interested in reading more, visit [this article](https://www.electroboom.com/?p=914) by Mehdi Sadaghdar.*** ### Over-Voltage and Over-Current Protection From 334824513ab599967bad227d9249584706110c7f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: TaddyHC <94547080+TaddyHC@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Mon, 16 May 2022 16:48:56 -0600 Subject: [PATCH 20/30] Update content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Co-authored-by: Karl Söderby <35461661+karlsoderby@users.noreply.github.com> --- content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md b/content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md index 25d7bcb8ec..2cf6b40ee6 100644 --- a/content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md +++ b/content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md @@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ The key points of the circuit presented above are the Transient Voltage Suppress ### Over-Voltage and Over-Current Protection -Sometimes the electronic device, that should receive 3.3V level of input from the supply may get on "dirty" tension. Causing the electronic device to suffer abnormal electronic behaviour, which is definitely undesired factor. As it could destabilize the system completely or change the logic forcefully due to changed logic range to be unrecognized. There are more of this such undesired behaviour, if over-voltage or over-current is introduced to the system. +Sometimes the electronic device, that should receive 3.3V level of input from the supply may receive a "dirty" tension. This causes the electronic device to suffer abnormal electronic behaviour. As it could destabilise the system completely or change the logic forcefully due to changed logic range to be unrecognised. There are more of this undesired behaviour, if over-voltage or over-current is introduced to the system. So for this matter, how do we protect the system? The solution can be based of the proper Reverse Polarity Protection showed previously. The proper Polarity Reverse Polarith Protection implements a bidirectional Transient Voltage Suppressor while adding the P-Channel MOSFET with a zenerdiode and two resistors to get all its flavours. From 937820befcba32f438614dbaae106faed9992950 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: TaddyHC <94547080+TaddyHC@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Mon, 16 May 2022 16:49:22 -0600 Subject: [PATCH 21/30] Update content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Co-authored-by: Karl Söderby <35461661+karlsoderby@users.noreply.github.com> --- content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md b/content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md index 2cf6b40ee6..9561a7889e 100644 --- a/content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md +++ b/content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md @@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ But a simple Reverse Polarity Protection, with a Transient Voltage Suppressor di ## Stepping the Voltage - Level Shifters -We now know how not to fry our electronic devices, and that includes our Arduino boards. The Arduino boards provide and relies on 3.3V and 5V levels. But sometimes there may not be available pins that matches the voltage requirement to adequately drive the sensor or any such line. You will get to know basic of stepping down and up the voltage required using simple electronic circuit. +Arduino boards relies on 3.3V and 5V levels. But sometimes there may not be available pins that matches the voltage requirement to adequately drive the sensor or any such line. In this section, we will take a look at how we can **step up and down voltages.** We will also use a bidirectional Logic Level Converter to step the voltage level, to be able to use sensors or logics at higher or lower voltage levels. This is an option to use if tight electric specification is implemented on the board. From db225a2f40558fe5e4380e3a97f7582e9a777549 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: TaddyHC <94547080+TaddyHC@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Mon, 16 May 2022 16:49:40 -0600 Subject: [PATCH 22/30] Update content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Co-authored-by: Karl Söderby <35461661+karlsoderby@users.noreply.github.com> --- content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md b/content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md index 9561a7889e..fad4101c4a 100644 --- a/content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md +++ b/content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md @@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ But a simple Reverse Polarity Protection, with a Transient Voltage Suppressor di Arduino boards relies on 3.3V and 5V levels. But sometimes there may not be available pins that matches the voltage requirement to adequately drive the sensor or any such line. In this section, we will take a look at how we can **step up and down voltages.** -We will also use a bidirectional Logic Level Converter to step the voltage level, to be able to use sensors or logics at higher or lower voltage levels. This is an option to use if tight electric specification is implemented on the board. +We will use a bidirectional Logic Level Converter to step the voltage level, to be able to use sensors or logics at higher or lower voltage levels. This is an option to use if tight electric specification is implemented on the board. ***The bidirectional Logic Level Converter to be used can be found [here](https://www.sparkfun.com/products/12009) from SparkFun.*** From 800439139528ffafcda415f5e6e1af7106619613 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: TaddyHC <94547080+TaddyHC@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Mon, 16 May 2022 16:53:19 -0600 Subject: [PATCH 23/30] Update content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Co-authored-by: Karl Söderby <35461661+karlsoderby@users.noreply.github.com> --- content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md b/content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md index fad4101c4a..a88824e46f 100644 --- a/content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md +++ b/content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md @@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ Arduino boards relies on 3.3V and 5V levels. But sometimes there may not be avai We will use a bidirectional Logic Level Converter to step the voltage level, to be able to use sensors or logics at higher or lower voltage levels. This is an option to use if tight electric specification is implemented on the board. -***The bidirectional Logic Level Converter to be used can be found [here](https://www.sparkfun.com/products/12009) from SparkFun.*** +***The bidirectional Logic Level Converter used can be found [here](https://www.sparkfun.com/products/12009) (SparkFun).*** ### Stepping Down From 6e0ba320eae34278a2a942b72645ea55a6f0b7ed Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: TaddyHC <94547080+TaddyHC@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Mon, 16 May 2022 16:53:26 -0600 Subject: [PATCH 24/30] Update content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Co-authored-by: Karl Söderby <35461661+karlsoderby@users.noreply.github.com> --- content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md b/content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md index a88824e46f..9491c2f016 100644 --- a/content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md +++ b/content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md @@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ We will use a bidirectional Logic Level Converter to step the voltage level, to ***The bidirectional Logic Level Converter used can be found [here](https://www.sparkfun.com/products/12009) (SparkFun).*** -### Stepping Down +### Stepping Down Voltage We will begin by learning how to step down the voltage. Usually, voltage is driven down to lower level needed by the external module or sensors. It can also be due to need of lower voltage line to handle a separate circuit. It is crucial that you know the electric requirement that will demand if the electronic design is more complex than usual design. Such as tight electric specification and multiple signal lines to handle with operating at high speeds. From aa278254059b2cd4456021d26f44ea0710c15327 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: TaddyHC <94547080+TaddyHC@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Mon, 16 May 2022 16:53:40 -0600 Subject: [PATCH 25/30] Update content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Co-authored-by: Karl Söderby <35461661+karlsoderby@users.noreply.github.com> --- content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md b/content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md index 9491c2f016..2f7b9e3507 100644 --- a/content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md +++ b/content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md @@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ We will use a bidirectional Logic Level Converter to step the voltage level, to We will begin by learning how to step down the voltage. Usually, voltage is driven down to lower level needed by the external module or sensors. It can also be due to need of lower voltage line to handle a separate circuit. It is crucial that you know the electric requirement that will demand if the electronic design is more complex than usual design. Such as tight electric specification and multiple signal lines to handle with operating at high speeds. -The **Voltage Divider** is the simplest yet easy to implement solution. It uses 2 resistors to create a lower voltage output. So, knowing the Input Voltage and targeted Output Voltage and a reference resistor, it is simple enough to calculate the other required resistor to implement to produce desired result. The Votlage Divider is as follows. +A **voltage divider** is the simplest yet easy to implement solution. It uses 2 resistors to create a lower voltage output. So, knowing the **input voltage** and targeted **output voltage** and a **reference resistor**, it is simple enough to calculate the other required resistor to implement to produce desired voltage. Below is a voltage dividing circuit. ![Voltage/Resistive Divider](assets/StepDown.png) From a40a47112d51675b200744a9a36db4ec662b49b1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: TaddyHC <94547080+TaddyHC@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Mon, 16 May 2022 16:56:43 -0600 Subject: [PATCH 26/30] Update content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Co-authored-by: Karl Söderby <35461661+karlsoderby@users.noreply.github.com> --- content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md b/content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md index 2f7b9e3507..497418fcd1 100644 --- a/content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md +++ b/content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md @@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ A **voltage divider** is the simplest yet easy to implement solution. It uses 2 ![Voltage/Resistive Divider](assets/StepDown.png) -As it is as simple as it can be, when using this circuit, you will need to be cautious of the residing capacitance that is connected at the output of this circuit and with the quick rise times, as for certain application with cautious timing requirements or modules non-response to quick rise times will be affected. +When using this circuit, you will still need to be cautious of the residing capacitance that is connected at the output of this circuit and with the quick rise times, as for certain applications with cautious timing requirements or modules non-response to quick rise times will be affected. ### Stepping Up From de94f67602292c33f71f04e5c82b29857aa70954 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: TaddyHC <94547080+TaddyHC@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Mon, 16 May 2022 16:56:57 -0600 Subject: [PATCH 27/30] Update content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Co-authored-by: Karl Söderby <35461661+karlsoderby@users.noreply.github.com> --- content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md b/content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md index 497418fcd1..cbfd09732d 100644 --- a/content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md +++ b/content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md @@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ When using this circuit, you will still need to be cautious of the residing capa ### Stepping Up -On the contrary to stepping down the voltage using simple voltage divider, to **step up** the voltage, due to uncompatible TTL threshold scenario as in the previous, you will need to use a little bit more constructive electric circuit by using diodes. Following circuit shows how it is done. +To **step up** voltage, you will need to use a little bit more constructive electric circuit by using diodes. The following circuit shows how to use diodes to step up voltage. ![Step Up Circuit - Diode Implementation](assets/StepUpDiode.png) From baf9b2781cfb07063cb7366b2d80d5a747e92513 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: TaddyHC <94547080+TaddyHC@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Mon, 16 May 2022 16:57:26 -0600 Subject: [PATCH 28/30] Update content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Co-authored-by: Karl Söderby <35461661+karlsoderby@users.noreply.github.com> --- content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md b/content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md index cbfd09732d..34eb28ba6c 100644 --- a/content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md +++ b/content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md @@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ To **step up** voltage, you will need to use a little bit more constructive elec ![Step Up Circuit - Diode Implementation](assets/StepUpDiode.png) -You will need to biase the diodes with precaution and the resistor that is much lower than the input impedance of the 5V gate. One of the know-hows shared by Microchip is to use a **Schottky** diodes to gain slight high-level voltage and reduce low-level voltage from incrementing. Following circuit uses a different setup. +You will need to biase the diodes with precaution and the resistor that is much lower than the input impedance of the 5V gate. One of the know-hows shared by Microchip is to use **Schottky** diodes to gain slight high-level voltage and reduce low-level voltage from incrementing. Following circuit uses a different setup. ![Step Up Circuit - MOSFET](assets/StepUpMOSFET.png) From 70fbb5b0cf7136e4b45944f61a20bb768aeb15a3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: TaddyHC <94547080+TaddyHC@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Mon, 16 May 2022 16:57:37 -0600 Subject: [PATCH 29/30] Update content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Co-authored-by: Karl Söderby <35461661+karlsoderby@users.noreply.github.com> --- content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md | 6 +++--- 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-) diff --git a/content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md b/content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md index 34eb28ba6c..25cf84aa50 100644 --- a/content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md +++ b/content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md @@ -132,6 +132,6 @@ Handling different voltage levels covers vast electronic department, and without ## References -[1] Larsson, E. (2006). Introduction to Advanced System-on-Chip Test Design and Optimization. Springer Publishing.
-[2] Kularatna, N. (2018). DC Power Supplies Power Management and Surge Protection for Power Electronic Systems. Amsterdam University Press.
-[3] Ballan, H., & Declercq, M. (2010). High Voltage Devices and Circuits in Standard CMOS Technologies. Springer Publishing. \ No newline at end of file +- [1] Larsson, E. (2006). Introduction to Advanced System-on-Chip Test Design and Optimization. Springer Publishing. +- [2] Kularatna, N. (2018). DC Power Supplies Power Management and Surge Protection for Power Electronic Systems. Amsterdam University Press. +- [3] Ballan, H., & Declercq, M. (2010). High Voltage Devices and Circuits in Standard CMOS Technologies. Springer Publishing. \ No newline at end of file From 22b770e8d9f06043c9472c9df010ad78bbc572c7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jho1213gt Date: Mon, 16 May 2022 17:55:19 -0600 Subject: [PATCH 30/30] Minor Adjustment --- content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md b/content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md index 25cf84aa50..45dab33359 100644 --- a/content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md +++ b/content/learn/02.microcontrollers/05.5v-3v3/5v-3v3-guide.md @@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ As a result, this will **damage the load**, resulting in a useless protection ci ### Reverse Polarity Protection -Implementing complicated power protection circuit does not mean the load is protected. Depending on the component selection and cost for implementation, the solution can become much more elegant, and the same applies for reverse polarity protection. The following reverse polarity protection is designed by Mehdi Sadaghdar. +Implementing complicated power protection circuit does not mean the load is absolutely protected. Depending on the component selection and cost for implementation, the solution can become much more elegant, and the same applies for reverse polarity protection. The following reverse polarity protection is designed by Mehdi Sadaghdar. ![Complete Reverse Polarity Protection](assets/ElegantRPP.png)