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Copy file name to clipboardExpand all lines: content/hardware/04.pro/boards/portenta-h7/tutorials/secure-boot/secure-boot.md
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## Instructions
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### Flashing the Latest Bootloader
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In order to have secure boot enabled you must update the bootloader on your Portenta H7 and use [MCUboot](https://www.mcuboot.com/). You can find more info on how to perform the update in [this other tutorial](https://docs.arduino.cc/tutorials/portenta-h7/updating-the-bootloader).
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In order to have secure boot enabled, you must update the bootloader on your Portenta H7 and use [MCUboot](https://www.mcuboot.com/). You can find more info on how to perform the update in [this other tutorial](https://docs.arduino.cc/tutorials/portenta-h7/updating-the-bootloader).
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### Use Default Security Keys
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Once The bootloader has been updated to MCUboot, it's possible to use [secure boot](https://www.keyfactor.com/blog/what-is-secure-boot-its-where-iot-security-starts/) to have an additional layer of security. From that point on it is required to upload a compiled sketch with the Custom Board Option **"Security settings"** set to **"Signature + Encryption"** (the option can be found under **Tools > Security settings** in the IDE when selecting Portenta H7 as board, or you can use `--board-options security=sien` if using the Arduino CLI). Failing to provide such option will cause the bootloader not to run the compiled sketch because it is not trusted.
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Once The bootloader has been updated to MCUboot, it is possible to use [secure boot](https://www.keyfactor.com/blog/what-is-secure-boot-its-where-iot-security-starts/) to have an additional layer of security. From that point on, it is required to upload a compiled sketch with the Custom Board Option **"Security settings"** set to **"Signature + Encryption"** (the option can be found under **Tools > Security settings** in the IDE when selecting Portenta H7 as board or you can use `--board-options security=sien` if using the Arduino CLI). Failing to provide such option will cause the bootloader not to run the compiled sketch because it is not trusted.
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If the security keys are not overridden, the default ones are used.
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Two keys are embedded in the example sketch `STM32H747_manageBootloader` which can be found in **Files > Examples > STM32H747_System > STM32H747_manageBootloader** and used by the bootloader.
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Two keys are embedded in the example sketch `STM32H747_manageBootloader`, which can be found in **Files > Examples > STM32H747_System > STM32H747_manageBootloader** and used by the bootloader.
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A private 256bit [ECDSA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elliptic_Curve_Digital_Signature_Algorithm) key is used to extract the encryption key and decrypt the binary update (`ecdsa-p256-encrypt-priv-key.h`), while a public key is used for image verification (`ecdsa-p256-signing-pub-key.h`).
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As counterpart, when building the image update, imgtool uses this private [key](https://github.com/arduino/ArduinoCore-mbed/pull/447/files#diff-f43e4850d60c61854678f6f80c6ddc4b59e3e68ca7e71b02e5ed15288c9aadb4) to sign the image and this public [key](https://github.com/arduino/ArduinoCore-mbed/pull/447/files#diff-95bb7b27de14276896a2bec099dc5a498d5332616458c04263efc8d24810e6a6) for image encryption with elliptic curve integrated encryption scheme.
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Remember to **save the keys and keep them in a secure location** and not to lose them.
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### 2. Upload the Custom Keys to the Board
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Once the keys have been generated they have to be uploaded to the Portenta H7. This procedure has to be done only once, because it's persistent. To extract the public\private key and encode it in to a "C" byte array inside a `.h` header file you can use:
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Once the keys have been generated, they have to be uploaded to the Portenta H7. This procedure has to be done only once, because it is persistent. To extract the public\private key and encode it in to a "C" byte array inside a `.h` header file you can use:
Now you have to replace the keys inside the Sketch to update the bootloader(**STM32H747_manageBootloader**).
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To do so just save the sketch to another location and replace the `ecsda-p256-encrypt-priv-key.h` and `ecsda-p256-signing-pub-key.h` files with the newly generated ones and then [update the bootloader](https://docs.arduino.cc/tutorials/portenta-h7/updating-the-bootloader) again.
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To do so, just save the sketch to another location and replace the `ecsda-p256-encrypt-priv-key.h` and `ecsda-p256-signing-pub-key.h` files with the newly generated ones and then [update the bootloader](https://docs.arduino.cc/tutorials/portenta-h7/updating-the-bootloader) again.
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***NOTE: In case the keys are compromised, this process can be performed again with a new set of keys, but any firmware signed with the previous pair will no longer work.***
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### 3. Use the Custom Keys when Compiling
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Since the default keys have been changed in favour of custom generated ones, the new ones have to be used when compiling and uploading a sketch, because the compiled sketch is signed and encrypted using such keys.
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To override the security keys used during the compile you have to use the Arduino CLI and specify the keys with:
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To override the security keys used during the compile, you have to use the Arduino CLI and specify the keys with:
If you want to implement secure boot for your platform have a look at [this article] (https://arduino.github.io/arduino-cli/latest/guides/secure-boot/).
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If you want to implement secure boot for your platform, have a look at [this article] (https://arduino.github.io/arduino-cli/latest/guides/secure-boot/).
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