diff --git a/src/material/tooltip/testing/tooltip-harness.ts b/src/material/tooltip/testing/tooltip-harness.ts
index 2232e80ef167..b7e4f8699ade 100644
--- a/src/material/tooltip/testing/tooltip-harness.ts
+++ b/src/material/tooltip/testing/tooltip-harness.ts
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import {
   ComponentHarness,
   ComponentHarnessConstructor,
   HarnessPredicate,
+  TestElement,
 } from '@angular/cdk/testing';
 import {TooltipHarnessFilters} from './tooltip-harness-filters';
 
@@ -17,7 +18,6 @@ import {TooltipHarnessFilters} from './tooltip-harness-filters';
 export class MatTooltipHarness extends ComponentHarness {
   static hostSelector = '.mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger';
 
-  private _optionalPanel = this.documentRootLocatorFactory().locatorForOptional('.mat-mdc-tooltip');
   private _hiddenClass = 'mat-mdc-tooltip-hide';
   private _disabledClass = 'mat-mdc-tooltip-disabled';
   private _showAnimationName = 'mat-mdc-tooltip-show';
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ export class MatTooltipHarness extends ComponentHarness {
     // element has ripples.
     await host.dispatchEvent('touchstart', {changedTouches: []});
     await host.hover();
-    const panel = await this._optionalPanel();
+    const panel = await this._getPanel();
     await panel?.dispatchEvent('animationend', {animationName: this._showAnimationName});
   }
 
@@ -57,13 +57,13 @@ export class MatTooltipHarness extends ComponentHarness {
     // the tooltip binds different events depending on the device.
     await host.dispatchEvent('touchend');
     await host.mouseAway();
-    const panel = await this._optionalPanel();
+    const panel = await this._getPanel();
     await panel?.dispatchEvent('animationend', {animationName: this._hideAnimationName});
   }
 
   /** Gets whether the tooltip is open. */
   async isOpen(): Promise<boolean> {
-    const panel = await this._optionalPanel();
+    const panel = await this._getPanel();
     return !!panel && !(await panel.hasClass(this._hiddenClass));
   }
 
@@ -75,7 +75,14 @@ export class MatTooltipHarness extends ComponentHarness {
 
   /** Gets a promise for the tooltip panel's text. */
   async getTooltipText(): Promise<string> {
-    const panel = await this._optionalPanel();
+    const panel = await this._getPanel();
     return panel ? panel.text() : '';
   }
+
+  /** Gets the tooltip panel associated with the trigger. */
+  private async _getPanel(): Promise<TestElement | null> {
+    const host = await this.host();
+    const locatorFactory = this.documentRootLocatorFactory();
+    return locatorFactory.locatorForOptional(`#${await host.getAttribute('data-mat-tooltip')}`)();
+  }
 }
diff --git a/src/material/tooltip/tooltip.ts b/src/material/tooltip/tooltip.ts
index 0d9edecfb2a6..9219a1a06e24 100644
--- a/src/material/tooltip/tooltip.ts
+++ b/src/material/tooltip/tooltip.ts
@@ -171,6 +171,7 @@ const MIN_VIEWPORT_TOOLTIP_THRESHOLD = 8;
 const UNBOUNDED_ANCHOR_GAP = 8;
 const MIN_HEIGHT = 24;
 const MAX_WIDTH = 200;
+let uniqueId = 0;
 
 /**
  * Directive that attaches a material design tooltip to the host element. Animates the showing and
@@ -184,6 +185,8 @@ const MAX_WIDTH = 200;
   host: {
     'class': 'mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger',
     '[class.mat-mdc-tooltip-disabled]': 'disabled',
+    // Used by harnesses to match the trigger to its tooltip.
+    '[attr.data-mat-tooltip]': '_panelId',
   },
   standalone: true,
 })
@@ -218,6 +221,7 @@ export class MatTooltip implements OnDestroy, AfterViewInit {
   private _currentPosition: TooltipPosition;
   private readonly _cssClassPrefix: string = 'mat-mdc';
   private _ariaDescriptionPending: boolean;
+  protected readonly _panelId = `mat-tooltip-panel-${uniqueId++}`;
 
   /** Allows the user to define the position of the tooltip relative to the parent element */
   @Input('matTooltipPosition')
@@ -467,6 +471,7 @@ export class MatTooltip implements OnDestroy, AfterViewInit {
     const instance = (this._tooltipInstance = overlayRef.attach(this._portal).instance);
     instance._triggerElement = this._elementRef.nativeElement;
     instance._mouseLeaveHideDelay = this._hideDelay;
+    instance._id = this._panelId;
     instance
       .afterHidden()
       .pipe(takeUntil(this._destroyed))
@@ -946,6 +951,7 @@ export class MatTooltip implements OnDestroy, AfterViewInit {
   host: {
     '(mouseleave)': '_handleMouseLeave($event)',
     'aria-hidden': 'true',
+    '[id]': '_id',
   },
   standalone: true,
   imports: [NgClass],
@@ -975,6 +981,9 @@ export class TooltipComponent implements OnDestroy {
   /** Amount of milliseconds to delay the closing sequence. */
   _mouseLeaveHideDelay: number;
 
+  /** Unique ID for the panel. Assigned by the trigger. */
+  _id: string | undefined;
+
   /** Whether animations are currently disabled. */
   private _animationsDisabled: boolean;
 
diff --git a/tools/public_api_guard/material/tooltip.md b/tools/public_api_guard/material/tooltip.md
index 1c83fa4db149..00dee7a9f7b4 100644
--- a/tools/public_api_guard/material/tooltip.md
+++ b/tools/public_api_guard/material/tooltip.md
@@ -75,6 +75,8 @@ export class MatTooltip implements OnDestroy, AfterViewInit {
     ngOnDestroy(): void;
     // (undocumented)
     _overlayRef: OverlayRef | null;
+    // (undocumented)
+    protected readonly _panelId: string;
     get position(): TooltipPosition;
     set position(value: TooltipPosition);
     get positionAtOrigin(): boolean;
@@ -150,6 +152,7 @@ export class TooltipComponent implements OnDestroy {
     // (undocumented)
     _handleMouseLeave({ relatedTarget }: MouseEvent): void;
     hide(delay: number): void;
+    _id: string | undefined;
     // (undocumented)
     _isMultiline: boolean;
     isVisible(): boolean;